Melasma is an acquired disorder of hyperpigmentation, affecting a million individuals worldwide. Energy-based devices (EBDs) employed to treat melasma include various types of lasers, intense pulsed light (IPL), and radiofrequency (RF). Recent studies have attempted to address recalcitrant and recurring melasma by combining energy-based devices with topical or oral medications.

中文翻译：

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对涉及基于能量的设备和提出的以发病机制为导向的组合的黄褐斑联合治疗的回顾

黄褐斑是一种获得性色素沉着过度疾病，影响着全世界一百万人。用于治疗黄褐斑的基于能量的设备 (EBD) 包括各种类型的激光、强脉冲光 (IPL) 和射频 (RF)。最近的研究试图通过将基于能量的设备与局部或口服药物相结合来解决顽固性和复发性黄褐斑。