In this article, it is argued that the mental element for gross negligence manslaughter requires subjective fault. It is argued that the negligent conduct is evaluated objectively but does not mean a person cannot be subjectively aware of the fact that he or she is engaging in such conduct. Wilful negligence is not contradictory, because the noun refers to the conduct while the adjective refers to the fault of the wrongdoer. It is submitted the ancient authorities strongly support the theory of that grossness in negligence required subjective fault—and was not referring to the noun.

中文翻译：

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对非自愿杀人罪的心理因素的重新思考

本文认为，重大过失过失的精神因素需要主观过错。有人认为，对过失行为的评价是客观的，但这并不意味着一个人不能主观地意识到他或她正在从事这种行为。故意的过失并不矛盾，因为名词指的是行为，而形容词指的是过错的过失。它被认为是古代权威极力支持的理论，即疏忽大意需要主观过错，而并非指名词。