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Legume species not spatial arrangement influence cover crop mixture effects in strip-tilled organic cabbage
Agronomy Journal ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-31 , DOI: 10.1002/agj2.20664
Ryan M. Maher 1 , Anusuya Rangarajan 1 , Brian A. Caldwell 1 , Zachary D. Hayden 2 , Daniel C. Brainard 2
Affiliation  

Management constraints in reduced tillage organic vegetable production may be alleviated by combining strip tillage (ST) with overwintering cereal–legume cover crop mixtures. Field studies in Michigan and New York over 6 site-years evaluated the effects of preceding cover crops, including cereal rye (R; Secale cereale L.), hairy vetch (V; Vicia villosa Roth) and crimson clover (CC; Trifolium incarnatum), on N availability, weed management, and yields in ST organic cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata). Cover crop treatments included R–legume mixtures (RV and RCC) planted under two spatial arrangements, standard full-width mixed [-M] vs. segregated strips [-S] (legumes planted in-row and R between-row), and R and V monocultures. Cover crop aboveground biomass (5–10 Mg ha–1) and N content (>90 kg N ha–1) were not different among RV and RCC but the C/N of RCC was 58% greater than RV. Cabbage yields after RCC-M were lower than RV-M in five of six cases with yield reductions ranging from 22 to 41%. Spatial arrangement had no effect on cabbage yield after RV but improved yields after RCC from 23 to 39% in one, relatively dry, site-year. Without N fertilizer, yields after RV and V were equivalent to or greater than R-S with 134 kg N ha–1 in seven of nine and four of four cases, respectively. Legume species and spatial arrangement had little or no impact on the efficacy of in-row mechanical cultivation, hand-weeding time or weed biomass. Overall, N supplied from V and RV mixtures was an important driver of ST organic cabbage yields across different soil types and weather conditions.

中文翻译:

豆科植物种属非空间排列影响条耕有机卷心菜覆盖作物混合效应

通过将条耕 (ST) 与越冬谷物-豆类覆盖作物混合物相结合,可以缓解减少耕作有机蔬菜生产的管理限制。在密歇根州和纽约超过 6 个地点年的实地研究评估了先前覆盖作物的影响,包括谷物黑麦 (R; Secale creame L.)、多毛紫云英 (V; Vicia villosa Roth) 和深红色三叶草 (CC; Trifolium incarnatum ) , 对 ST 有机卷心菜 ( Brassica oleracea L. var. capitalata) 的氮可用性、杂草管理和产量的影响)。覆盖作物处理包括在两种空间安排下种植的 R-豆科植物混合物(RV 和 RCC),标准全宽混合 [-M] 与隔离条带 [-S](豆科植物行内种植和 R 行间种植),以及R 和 V 单一栽培。RV 和 RCC 的覆盖作物地上生物量 (5–10 Mg ha –1 ) 和 N 含量 (>90 kg N ha –1 ) 没有差异,但 RCC 的 C/N 比 RV 高 58%。在六个案例中的五个案例中,RCC-M 后的卷心菜产量低于 RV-M,产量下降幅度从 22% 到 41%。空间安排对 RV 后的卷心菜产量没有影响,但在相对干燥的一年中,RCC 后的产量从 23% 提高到 39%。没有施氮肥时,RV 和 V 后的产量等于或大于 RS 134 kg N ha –1分别在九个案例中的七个和四个案例中的四个。豆科植物种类和空间排列对行内机械栽培、人工除草时间或杂草生物量的功效影响很小或没有影响。总体而言,V 和 RV 混合物提供的 N 是不同土壤类型和天气条件下 ST 有机卷心菜产量的重要驱动因素。
更新日期:2021-03-31
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