Due to expanding global trade and movement of people, new plant species are establishing in exotic ranges at increasing rates while the number of native species facing extinction from multiple threats grows. Yet, how species losses and gains globally may, together, be linked to traits and macroevolutionary processes is poorly understood. Here, we show that, adjusting for diversification rate and clade age, the proportion of threatened species across flowering plant families is negatively related to the proportion of naturalised species per family. Moreover, naturalisation is positively associated with range size, short generation time, autonomous seed production and interspecific hybridisation, but negatively with age and diversification, whereas threat is negatively associated with range size and hybridisation, and positively with biotic pollination, age and diversification rate. That we find such a pronounced signature of naturalisation and threat across plant families suggests that both trait syndromes have coexisted over deep evolutionary time and counter to intuition, that neither strategy is necessarily superior to the other over long evolutionary timespans.

中文翻译：

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反对宏观进化和性状介导的开花植物威胁和归化模式

由于全球贸易和人员流动的扩大，新植物物种正在以越来越高的速度在异域范围内建立，而面临因多种威胁而灭绝的本地物种的数量也在增加。然而，人们对全球物种损失和收益如何与特征和宏观进化过程联系在一起的了解却很少。在这里，我们表明，根据多样化程度和进化枝年龄进行调整，开花植物科中受威胁物种的比例与每个科中归化物种的比例呈负相关。此外，归化与范围大小，较短的生成时间，自主种子生产和种间杂交呈正相关，而与年龄和多样化则呈负相关，而威胁与范围大小和杂交呈负相关，对生物授粉，年龄和多样化率具有积极影响。我们在植物科中发现了如此明显的自然归化和威胁特征，这表明这两种性状综合征在很长的进化时间内就已经共存，并且与直觉背道而驰，在长期的进化时期中，两种策略都不一定优于另一种。