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• From Presidio to the Pecos River: Surveying the United States–Mexico Boundary along the Rio Grande, 1852 and 1853 by Orville B. Shelburne
• Andrew J. Milson

The agreement reached in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848, which ended the U.S. war with Mexico, required an accurate survey of the new international boundary between Mexico and the United States. One portion of that boundary along the Rio Grande between approximately 102°40^′ and 104°40^′ west longitude consisted of particularly remote and treacherous terrain that made survey work difficult. Much of this area today is known as the Big Bend National Park. From Presidio to the Pecos River by Orville B. Shelburne provides a detailed account of the survey parties, led by Marine Tyler Wickham Chandler in 1852 and Nathaniel Michler in 1853, which completed the mapping of this region.

The exact course of the Rio Grande from present-day Presidio, Texas, to its confluence with the Pecos River was unknown in 1852, but it was understood that the river flowed through steep canyons. M. T. W. Chandler was ordered to lead an under-resourced surveying party for the first time in his career across an unknown distance, through a territory intersected by Cherokee trails and along a river reported to flow across large falls. The Chandler party successfully mapped 209 miles of the river from August to November 1852 and ultimately produced five boundary maps that were included in the final set of fifty-four official maps approved by the joint boundary commission. But the Chandler survey fell short of the Pecos River after two months of tribulations such as boat wrecks and arduous overland detours. No lives were lost, but the men suffered from limited rations, exhaustion, and tattered clothing. The Michler survey party commenced in the summer of 1853 to complete the final segment, but it was successful in mapping only ninety-four miles upstream of the Pecos River. The thirty-four-mile gap left between the two surveys consisted of the Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, including San Francisco Canyon, where it was impossible for a party equipped with wagons and wooden boats to navigate the steep canyons and treacherous rapids. Rather than admit to the gap, Michler drew a generic meandering line to represent the canyons portion of the river.

Shelburne's research on the boundary survey is brought to life by the [End Page 481] unpublished field notes and correspondence of botanist Charles C. Parry, who served with the Chandler party. Parry's descriptions and sketches provide a rich record of the route and experiences of the Chandler survey. The greatest strengths of From Presidio to the Pecos River are its outstanding maps and illustrations. Throughout the book, Shelburne offers juxtaposed images of historical sketches alongside high-quality, present-day photographs, as well as comparisons of sections of the survey maps with present-day maps and aerial imagery. Any cartophile will be thoroughly impressed by the outstanding cartographic design displayed throughout Shelburne's book. Carol Zuber-Mallison should be congratulated for her exceptional work in producing these gorgeous maps. Particularly stunning are the maps that occupy a two-page spread in the book, thereby providing a view that is both detailed and expansive. In sum, this book should be of great interest to both scholars and general readers who appreciate historical geography and the history of cartography.

审核人：

• 从普雷西迪奥到佩科斯河：奥维尔·谢尔本（Orville B. Shelburne）在1852年和1853年沿着里奥格兰德（Rio Grande）勘测美国-墨西哥边界
• 安德鲁·J·米尔森

1848年《瓜达卢佩·伊达尔戈条约》达成的协议结束了美国与墨西哥的战争，该协议要求对墨西哥与美国之间的新国际边界进行准确调查。沿里约格兰德（Rio Grande）沿西经约102°40 ^'和104°40 ^'之间的边界的一部分由特别偏远和险恶的地形组成，这使勘测工作变得困难。如今，该地区大部分地区都被称为大弯国家公园。由奥维尔·B·谢尔伯恩（Orville B. Shelburne）从普雷西迪奥（Persidio）到佩科斯河（Pecos River），详细介绍了调查各方，由海洋泰勒·威克姆·钱德勒（Marine Tyler Wickham Chandler）于1852年和纳撒尼尔·米赫勒（Nathaniel Michler）于1853年完成了该区域的测绘。

从今天的得克萨斯州普雷西迪奥到其与佩科斯河的汇合的确切路线，在1852年尚不清楚，但据了解，这条河流经陡峭的峡谷。MTW钱德勒（MTW Chandler）被命令领导一个资源贫乏的勘测队，这是他职业生涯中的第一次，途经切诺基步道相交的地区以及据报道流经大瀑布的河流，穿越未知的距离。钱德勒党从1852年8月至1852年11月成功绘制了209英里河的图，并最终制作了五幅边界图，这五幅边界图已包括在联合边界委员会批准的五十四幅官方地图的最后一组中。但是，经过两个月的苦难，例如船只残骸和艰苦的陆路绕行，钱德勒的调查未能达到佩科斯河。没有人丧生，但是这些人的口粮有限，精疲力竭，衣着破烂。米歇尔调查队始于1853年夏天，完成了最后一段，但它成功地绘制了佩科斯河上游仅94英里的地图。两次勘测之间剩下的34英里差距包括里约格兰德河的下峡谷，包括旧金山峡谷，那里装有货车和木船的派对不可能在陡峭的峡谷和险峻的急流中航行。米切勒没有承认差距，而是绘制了一条蜿蜒的线条来代表这条河的峡谷部分。两次勘测之间剩下的34英里差距包括里约格兰德河的下峡谷，包括旧金山峡谷，那里装有货车和木船的派对不可能在陡峭的峡谷和险峻的急流中航行。米切勒没有承认差距，而是绘制了一条蜿蜒的线条来代表这条河的峡谷部分。两次勘测之间剩下的34英里差距包括里约格兰德河的下峡谷，包括旧金山峡谷，那里装有货车和木船的派对不可能在陡峭的峡谷和险峻的急流中航行。米切勒没有承认差距，而是绘制了一条蜿蜒的线条来代表这条河的峡谷部分。

谢尔本对边界勘测的研究通过未出版的[End Page 481]现场笔记和与钱德勒党一起任职的植物学家查尔斯C.帕里的来信而变得生动起来。帕里（Parry）的描述和草图为钱德勒（Chandler）调查的路线和经验提供了丰富的记录。从普雷西迪奥到佩科斯河的最大优势是其出色的地图和插图。在整本书中，Shelburne提供历史草图的并列图像以及高质量的当今照片，以及将调查地图的各个部分与当前地图和航空影像进行比较。Shelburne的书中所展示的出色的制图设计将给所有的嗜食者留下深刻的印象。应该对Carol Zuber-Mallison制作这些精美地图的出色工作表示祝贺。特别令人惊叹的是，这些地图占据了本书两页的范围，从而提供了既详尽又广阔的视图。总而言之，这本书对欣赏历史地理和制图历史的学者和普通读者都应引起极大的兴趣。