Reviewed by:

• War and Peace on the Rio Grande Frontier, 1830–1880 by Miguel Ángel González-Quiroga
• Sonia Hernández

War and Peace on the Rio Grande Frontier is an eye-opening account of inter-ethnic and inter-racial conflict and collaboration among the residents and transients who comprised the borderlands population from the 1830s through the early years of the Porfirio Díaz regime. Mainly focusing on Euro Americans and Mexican-origin individuals during this period, González-Quiroga argues that collaboration as well as violent conflict among and between these people shaped the contours of this frontier region in deep and far-reaching ways. Building on a large body of primary documentation housed in both Mexican and U.S. repositories, González-Quiroga has produced a powerful narrative of a borderlands region shaped by commercial opportunities, competing social and cultural beliefs, and war and violence. It was not always a matter of Anglo vs. Mexican; what emerges from this careful attention to both collaboration and conflict is a borderlands region that often blurred or softened racial, ethnic, and class lines, albeit temporarily.

Composed of the Mexican Northeast and the province that eventually became Texas, this region plays a preponderant role in War and Peace. González-Quiroga does a remarkable job in explaining the eventual emergence of Mexican nationalism intricately tied to the dynamic nature of the region, which was influenced by the ebb and flow of commerce. Commercial opportunities that emerged as a result of external and internal wars, including the U.S. Civil War and the Centralist/Federalist conflict in Mexico, led to the forging of strategic alliances or business partnerships that benefitted all parties. Equally important is the author's examination [End Page 485] of the factors that contributed to moments of what he calls "cooperative violence," which was influenced by factors shaping economic cooperation, further informing decisions by one group or individual to participate in violence, often against their own communities.

This timely monograph is an excellent example of what U.S.–Mexican borderlands scholarship should look like. Too often historians on either side rely on sources or explanations that are state- or nation-bound. Further, the book is an example of a historical narrative that converses with historiographies on Mexico and the Mexican north, as well as Texas and U.S. historiography. It pays careful attention to the ways in which economic forces interacted with cultural and social factors. While a nuanced examination of the crucial role of inter-racial and inter-ethnic marriages in solidifying collaboration and its effect on Mexican American land tenure in Texas is missing, the book has the potential to peak scholars' interest in this area. It can also lead to future research on related topics, including women entrepreneurs and the often-neglected role of women in inciting or encouraging violence. Further, it can lead to work on the ways in which violence, whether incited by Anglos, Mexicans, or via cooperative violence, shaped women's lived experiences and, more importantly, how women negotiated and countered such violence.

While War and Peace cautions historians to avoid general assumptions about who inflicted violence upon whom, it is difficult not to think about post-1880 historical developments, specifically concerning the treatment of U.S. citizens of Mexican descent in their very own communities. While there has always been anti-American sentiment in Mexico, depending on the historical period and region, the treatment of these U.S. citizens in Mexico pales in comparison to the treatment of Mexican Americans in places like Texas in the post-1880 period. For the most part, U.S. nationals in Mexico did not seek Mexican citizenship, whereas Mexicans in the United States, despite holding U.S. citizenship, had to struggle continuously to be included and treated as such.

Meticulously researched and beautifully written, War and Peace forces us to reflect on moments of collaboration between cultures long pitted against one another. History offers us useful lessons, and there is no shortage of them in this book. One...

审核人：

• MiguelÁngelGonzález-Quiroga于1830年至1880年在里奥格兰德边疆的战争与和平
• 索尼娅·埃尔南德斯（SoniaHernández）

里约格兰德边疆的战争与和平这是民族和种族间冲突与合作的始作俑者，这些移民与从1830年代到波菲里奥·迪亚斯（PorfirioDíaz）政权成立初期的边疆地区的居民和过境者之间的合作。冈萨雷斯·基罗加（González-Quiroga）在此期间主要关注欧洲裔美国人和墨西哥裔个人，他们认为，这些人之间以及彼此之间的合作以及暴力冲突以深远而深远的方式塑造了这个边境地区的轮廓。冈萨雷斯·奎罗加（González-Quiroga）建立在墨西哥和美国资料库中的大量主要文献的基础上，对边境地区进行了强有力的叙述，该边境地区由商业机会，竞争的社会和文化信仰以及战争与暴力所塑造。这并不总是英美资源集团与墨西哥公司之间的问题。

该地区由墨西哥东北部地区和最终成为得克萨斯州的省组成，在战争与和平中扮演着重要角色。冈萨雷斯·奎罗加（González-Quiroga）在解释墨西哥民族主义的最终兴起方面做出了杰出的贡献，而这种民族主义与该地区的动态自然息息相关，而这一自然因素受到商业的潮起潮落的影响。由于内战和内战（包括美国内战和墨西哥的中央/联邦制冲突）而出现的商机，导致建立了有利于所有各方的战略联盟或商业伙伴关系。同样重要的是作者的考试[结束第485页]促成他所说的“合作暴力”发生的因素中，有一些因素影响了经济合作，这些因素影响了经济合作，进一步告知了一个团体或个人决定参与暴力，通常是针对他们自己的社区。

这本及时的专着很好地说明了美墨边境地区奖学金的模样。双方的历史学家常常依赖于受国家或国家约束的资料或解释。此外，这本书是历史叙述的一个例子，它与墨西哥和墨西哥北部的史学以及德克萨斯州和美国的史学形成了鲜明的对比。它特别注意经济力量与文化和社会因素相互作用的方式。尽管缺少对种族间和种族间婚姻在巩固合作中的关键作用及其对得克萨斯州墨西哥裔美国人土地使用权的影响的细致研究，但该书有可能使学者们对该领域的兴趣达到顶峰。它还可以导致对相关主题的未来研究，包括女企业家和妇女在煽动或鼓励暴力中经常被忽略的角色。此外，它可以导致人们探讨暴力的方式，无论是盎格鲁人，墨西哥人还是通过合作暴力煽动暴力，如何塑造妇女的生活经验，更重要的是，妇女如何谈判和应对这种暴力。

尽管《战争与和平》警告历史学家避免对谁对谁施加暴力的普遍假设，但很难不考虑1880年后的历史事态发展，特别是关于在其本国社区中对待墨西哥裔美国公民的待遇。尽管在墨西哥一直有反美情绪，但根据历史时期和地区的不同，与1880年后时期在得克萨斯州等地的墨西哥裔美国人的待遇相比，在墨西哥对这些美国公民的待遇苍白。在大多数情况下，在墨西哥的美国国民并不寻求墨西哥国籍，而在美国的墨西哥人尽管拥有美国国籍，但仍要不断努力才能被接纳并受到这样的对待。

经过精心研究和撰写精美的《战争与和平》，我们不得不反思彼此之间长期相互冲突的文化之间的合作时刻。历史为我们提供了有用的教训，而本书中并不乏这些教训。一...