Reviewed by:

• Tiny You: A Western History of the Anti-Abortion Movement by Jennifer L. Holland
• Nancy Elizabeth Baker

Twentieth-century feminists are known for the slogan, "The personal is political." In Tiny You, University of Oklahoma historian Jennifer Holland neatly flips this motto in her argument that anti-abortion activists sought to make the political a personal issue for Americans, in the process shaping not just how people saw the issue of abortion, but also how they saw their own identities. A regional case study with national implications, Holland's work focuses on four states, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah. She traces the development of the anti-abortion movement throughout the post-World War II period, specifically from the 1960s to the 1990s.

In the book's first half, Holland examines the early phase of the anti-abortion movement by studying its origins and the subsequent evolution of its strategies over a decade alongside the emergence of a new form of White, Christian identity centered on opposition to abortion in the later 1960s and 1970s. In the book's second half, which looks at the 1980s and 1990s, Holland explores how anti-abortion activists sought to shape the identities of women, children, and families through the use of crisis pregnancy centers, schools, homes, and churches as locations for indoctrination into the radical ideas that pregnant women needed rescuing and protection as much as their fetuses did, that children were "survivors" of abortion, and that a new definition of the traditional family as the protector of fetuses was the paramount concern of the state. Along the way, an overwhelmingly anti-feminist, White movement co-opted the language of feminism and the civil rights movement. Holland argues that the seismic political and cultural changes she describes in four western states speak to major shifts nationally.

The author concludes that the anti-abortion movement has profoundly changed American culture and politics, particularly in the regions of the South, the Great Plains, the Midwest, and the Mountain West, primarily by persuading voters and politicians in those areas that abortion is the root of all violence and the cause of all social ills (therefore neatly dismissing the need to attempt any other solutions to systemic, nationwide problems of discrimination or violence). Holland predicts that what anti-abortion activists have accomplished cannot be undone and that Americans will [End Page 500] have to adapt to a changed nation, one in which abortion is accepted as the moral equivalent to murder.

Holland's book relies upon a foundation of meticulous research at multiple archives. She draws on the records of anti-abortion and abortion rights groups, religious organizations, governors, legislatures, and law enforcement, as well as oral history interviews and myriad newspapers. Holland shines in her ability to craft a narrative of sweeping social and political change that is studded throughout with dozens of individuals' personal stories of the movement. Her handling of anti-abortion activists' accounts is both respectful and maintains an appropriate scholarly detachment from her subjects. For example, when Colorado housewife Margaret Sebesta claims that the anti-abortion movement developed spontaneously in her neighborhood, Holland reminds the reader that, prior to becoming involved in that movement, Sebesta belonged to an extensive network of politically conservative, White Catholics who had participated in previous grassroots crusades against birth control and pornography (52).

An incisively argued and well-supported study of a timely issue, Tiny You is suitable for use in the college or graduate school classroom, but will also be of interest to the general reader with a passion for politics.

审核人：

• 《微小的你：反堕胎运动的西方历史》，作者詹妮弗·霍兰德（Jennifer L. Holland）
• 南希·伊丽莎白·贝克

二十世纪的女权主义者以“个人就是政治”为口号而闻名。在俄克拉荷马大学的历史学家珍妮弗·霍兰德（Jinnifer Holland）的《微小的家伙》中，她的论点巧妙地颠覆了这一座右铭，即反堕胎积极分子试图使政治成为美国人的个人问题，在这一过程中不仅塑造了人们如何看待堕胎问题，还塑造了他们看到了自己的身份。霍兰德（Holland）的工作涉及国家影响，是一个区域性案例研究，重点研究了亚利桑那州，新墨西哥州，科罗拉多州和犹他州四个州。她追踪了第二次世界大战后整个时期（特别是从1960年代到1990年代）反堕胎运动的发展。

在本书的上半部分中，荷兰通过研究反堕胎运动的起源和十年来其策略的演变，以及一种新的白人基督教徒身份的出现（以反对堕胎为中心），研究了反堕胎运动的早期阶段。 1960年代后期和1970年代。在本书的下半部分（回顾1980年代和1990年代）中，荷兰探索了反堕胎活动家如何通过使用危机怀孕中心，学校，家庭和教堂作为塑造妇女，儿童和家庭身份的场所。灌输了一个激进的观念，即孕妇需要像胎儿一样需要挽救和保护，孩子是堕胎的“幸存者”，对传统家庭作为胎儿保护者的新定义是国家的首要任务。在此过程中，白人运动以压倒性的势力压倒性地采用了女权主义和民权运动的语言。霍兰德认为，她在四个西部州描述的巨大的政治和文化变化说明了全国范围内的重大变化。

作者得出的结论是，反堕胎运动深刻地改变了美国的文化和政治，尤其是在南部，大平原，中西部和西部山区等地区，主要是通过说服那些认为堕胎是最主要的地区的选民和政治人物来改变美国的文化和政治。所有暴力行为的根源和所有社会弊端的根源（因此，完全消除了尝试解决系统性，全国性的歧视或暴力问题的任何其他解决方案的必要性）。霍兰德预测，反堕胎活动家所取得的成就是无法挽回的，美国人[End Page 500]必须适应一个改变的国家，在这个国家中，堕胎在道义上等同于谋杀。

Holland的书依靠对多个档案馆进行细致研究的基础。她借鉴了反堕胎和堕胎权利团体，宗教组织，州长，立法机关和执法机构的记录，以及口述历史访谈和各种报纸。荷兰德（Holland）的能力令人赞叹，他能够撰写出全面的社会和政治变革叙述，其中散布着数十个人的运动个人故事。她对反堕胎积极分子的处理既尊重又保持学术上与她的科目分离。例如，当科罗拉多州的家庭主妇玛格丽特·塞贝斯塔（Margaret Sebesta）声称反堕胎运动在她附近自发发展时，荷兰提醒读者在参与该运动之前，

《Tiny You》是对及时发行的文章进行了有力的论证和有力支持的研究，适合在大学或研究生院的课堂中使用，但对政治充满热情的普通读者也会对此感兴趣。