The understanding of temperature distribution in a railway tunnel caused by train fire can help to optimize the design of ventilation and rescue systems. In this study, a series of experimental tests were conducted in a 1/11 reduced-scale tunnel to investigate the effect of train blocking and internal fire of the carriage on the maximum temperature distribution. Different fire scenarios were discussed, including blocking length and opening modes of doors and windows under typical longitudinal wind speeds. In order to quantify the high-temperature load in the tunnel, a dimensionless model of the maximum temperature rise under different fire scenes was proposed. The results showed that the maximum temperature under the blocking condition was relatively higher than the non-blocking condition, and the maximum temperature increases with the blocking length at the same measuring point. Besides, the position of the openings, the number of openings, as well as the space of openings all would affect the heat spread, but these factors might have less influence on the maximum temperature in comparison with heat release rate and longitudinal wind speed. These results can assist an optimal ventilation design for train fire in a railway tunnel.

对火车起火引起的铁路隧道温度分布的理解有助于优化通风和救援系统的设计。在这项研究中，在1/11缩小规模的隧道中进行了一系列实验测试，以研究火车阻塞和车厢内部着火对最大温度分布的影响。讨论了不同的火灾情况，包括在典型的纵向风速下门窗的长度和开门方式。为了量化隧道中的高温负荷，提出了不同火灾场景下最大温升的无因次模型。结果表明，在阻塞条件下的最高温度相对高于非阻塞条件下的最高温度，在同一测量点，最高温度随阻塞长度的增加而增加。此外，开口的位置，开口的数量以及开口的空间都会影响散热，但是与放热率和纵向风速相比，这些因素对最高温度的影响可能较小。这些结果可以为铁路隧道中火车火灾的最佳通风设计提供帮助。