A feature of biological systems is their high structural heterogeneity. This is manifested in the fact that the processes observed at the nanoscopic level are noticeably multistage in time. The paper expounds an approach that allows, basing on the methods of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, to obtain kinetic equations that enable describing the evolution of slow processes occurring against the background of faster ones. Vibrational relaxation in electronic terms and stochastic deviations of the position of the electronic energy levels of the system from their stationary positions are considered the most important fast processes. As an example, it is shown how the kinetics of one- and two-electron transfer through protein chains, the oxygen-mediated transfer of a triplet excitation in the pigment-protein complex, the kinetics of temperature-independent desensitization of pain receptors, as well as conformational regulation of enzymatic reactions, can be described.

中文翻译：

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生物系统动力学和调控过程的特征

生物系统的一个特征是其高度的结构异质性。这表现在以下事实：在纳米水平上观察到的过程在时间上明显地是多阶段的。本文阐述了一种方法，该方法允许基于非平衡统计力学的方法来获得动力学方程，该动力学方程能够描述在较快过程的背景下发生的较慢过程的演化。电子术语的振动松弛和系统电子能级位置与其固定位置的随机偏差被认为是最重要的快速过程。例如，它显示了通过蛋白质链的单电子和二电子转移的动力学，色素-蛋白质复合物中氧的三重态激发的氧介导转移，