Photosynthesis play an important role in plant growth. Generally, it will be increased with increased DNA content per cell. However, in organ levels, the changes of photosynthesis are species dependent. So, for target breeding materials, chromosome duplication how to influence photosynthetic performances need further investigation. In this study, three lily (Lilium) species, L. rosthornii (LRI), L. primulinum var. orchraceun (LPO) and L. regale (LRE), and their colchicine-induced autotetraploids were employed in comparing photosynthetic related characteristics. For anatomic traits, the number of palisade mesophyll cells was significantly increased in LRI and LPO but decreased in LRE after polyploidization. Moreover, except the intercellular space decreased, the mesophyll cell sizes and shapes presented different changes in the three species after polyploidization. For physical-biochemical traits, the chloroplast number, thylakoid grana thickness, and photosynthetic pigments and efficiency were significantly increased in LRI after polyploidization. For LPO, the chloroplast number, and weak light absorbed and CO₂ assimilated rates were significantly increased, while others showed no significant changes after polyploidization. Out of expecting, for LRE, the chloroplast number and photosynthetic pigments were significantly decreased after polyploidization. Moreover, the structures of chloroplasts were abnormal with extremely thicker thylakoid grana and more tightly arranged thylakoid layer in tetraploids than in diploids. The photosynthetic rates of LRE were similar in diploid and tetraploid in natural conditions, while the maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax) of light-/CO₂-response curves were higher in diploids than in diploids. After plants withered, larger bulblet with more developed root systems were well observed from the three tetraploid species.

光合作用在植物生长中起重要作用。通常，它会随着每个细胞DNA含量的增加而增加。但是，在器官水平上，光合作用的变化取决于物种。因此，对于目标育种材料，染色体复制如何影响光合性能还需要进一步研究。在这项研究中，三个百合（Lilium）物种，罗氏乳杆菌（LRI），樱草属变种。orchraceun（LPO）和L.盛宴（LRE）及其秋水仙碱诱导的同源四倍体被用于比较光合相关特性。对于解剖学特征，多倍体化后，LRI和LPO中的栅栏叶肉细胞数量显着增加，而LRE中的则减少。此外，除细胞间空间减少外，多倍体化后，这三种物种的叶肉细胞大小和形状都呈现出不同的变化。对于物理生化性状，多倍体化后LRI中的叶绿体数，类囊体厚度，光合色素和效率显着提高。对于LPO，其叶绿体数，吸收的弱光和CO ₂多倍体化后同化率显着增加，而其他人则没有显着变化。出乎意料的是，对于LRE，多倍体化后叶绿体数量和光合色素显着下降。而且，四倍体比二倍体的叶绿体结构异常，类囊体颗粒特别厚，类囊体层排列更紧密。在自然条件下，二倍体和四倍体的LRE光合速率相似，而二倍体的光/ CO ₂响应曲线的最大光合速率（Pmax）高于二倍体。植物枯萎后，从这三个四倍体物种中很好地观察到较大的鳞茎，根系发达。