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Resolving the cultural loneliness paradox of choice: The role of cultural norms about individual choice regarding relationships in explaining loneliness in four European countries
Journal of Social and Personal Relationships ( IF 2.681 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-30 , DOI: 10.1177/02654075211002663
Luzia Cassis Heu 1 , Nina Hansen 1 , Martijn van Zomeren 1
Affiliation  

Do cultural norms that allow individuals to choose their social relationships put them at risk for, or protect them from, loneliness? After all, more freedom to choose whom to relate to may promote that individuals can choose higher-quality relationships (which protects from loneliness), but it may also imply a higher risk of social isolation (which puts at risk for loneliness). We propose that the solution to this cultural loneliness paradox of choice is to distinguish whether more individual choice flows from cultural norms that provide more opportunities for new relationships (as implied by higher relational mobility; higher RMn), or from cultural norms that allow to leave established relationships (as implied by lower relational stability; lower RSn). Specifically, we suggest that more individual choice protects from loneliness when emerging from higher RMn (which allows to establish new higher-quality relationships), but puts at risk for loneliness when emerging from lower RSn (which increases the risk of social isolation by undermining the stability of established relationships). Findings from two cross-sectional survey studies in four European countries (Study 1: Finland, N = 237; Portugal, N = 261; Study 2: Poland, N = 242; Austria, N = 2 41) supported this line of thought: Higher RMn was consistently related to lower loneliness across all samples, and lower RSn was related to higher loneliness in two out of four samples (and either non-significantly related to higher loneliness or unrelated to it in the other two samples). We discuss the importance and implications of differentiating RMn and RSn to resolve the cultural loneliness paradox of choice.



中文翻译:

解决选择的文化孤独悖论:关于个人选择的文化规范在解释四个欧洲国家中的孤独感方面的作用

允许个人选择自己的社会关系的文化规范是否会使他们处于孤独感的危险中或使他们免受孤独感的影响?毕竟,选择与之相关的人的更多自由可能会促使个人选择更高质量的关系(这可以防止孤独),但也可能意味着更高的社会隔离风险(这会使孤独风险)。我们认为,解决这种选择的文化孤独悖论的方法是,是将更多的个人选择与是为新关系提供更多机会的文化规范(如更高的关系流动性,更高的RMn所暗示),还是与允许离开的文化规范区分开来。建立的关系(如较低的关系稳定性所暗示;较低的RSn)。具体而言,我们建议,更多的个人选择在摆脱较高的RMn时可以防止孤独感(这可以建立新的更高质量的关系),但是当脱离较低的RSn时则具有孤独感的风险(这会通过破坏人们的孤独感而增加社会孤立的风险)。已建立关系的稳定性)。来自四个欧洲国家的两项横断面调查研究的结果(研究1:芬兰,N = 237;葡萄牙,N = 261;研究2:波兰,N = 242;奥地利,N= 2 41)支持以下思路:在所有样本中,较高的RMn始终与较低的孤独感相关,而在四个样本中有两个样本,较低的RSn与较高的孤独感相关(并且与较高的孤独感无显着关系或与之无关)在其他两个样本中)。我们讨论区分RMn和RSn对解决选择的文化孤独悖论的重要性和影响。

更新日期:2021-03-30
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