Concrete utopias have received little international comparison. In order to contribute to a comparative sociology of such social experiments, this article is interested in the case of France and the United States in the 19th century. To mirror concerns that were important at that time in both of these countries (the “social question” and the “question of women”), attention is focused on local experiments where work and gender were the subject of some notable innovations. After highlighting the form, importance and dynamics of abstract and concrete utopias in France and the United States, two communities inspired by C. Fourier are compared: the Familistère de Guise (France), and the Oneida Association (United States). If both learn about the Fourierist utopia, they put it into practice differently, in particular because of issues specific to each of the two countries.

具体的乌托邦很少受到国际比较。为了有助于这种社会实验的比较社会学，本文关注19世纪法国和美国的情况。为了反映当时在这两个国家中都很重要的担忧（“社会问题”和“对妇女的质疑”），注意力集中在地方实验上，其中工作和性别是一些显着创新的主题。在强调了法国和美国抽象和具体乌托邦的形式，重要性和动态之后，比较了受到C. Fourier启发的两个社区：法米利斯特·德·吉斯（Familistèrede Guise）（法国）和奥尼达协会（Oneida Association）（美国）。如果两个人都了解傅里叶主义乌托邦，他们会以不同的方式将其付诸实践，