We study collective features of the scattering of gravitational waves on relic wormholes and normal matter objects. We derive and solve the GW energy transport equation and show that the scattered signal lies in the same frequency spectrum bands as the basic signal. The scattering forms long living tails which always accompany the basic signal and have a universal form. The scattering on normal matter objects forms tails which have always the retarded character, while wormholes lead to advanced tails as well. In addition, wormholes may produce considerably stronger effect when the total energy in tails detected on the Earth exceeds that in the incident direct wave. In both cases the retarding tails have a long living character when the mean amplitude behaves with time as \(h\sim 1/\sqrt{t+R/c}\). For a single GW event the echo tails give only a tiny contribution to the mean amplitude. However such tails accumulate with events and form a stochastic GW background which may be observed by the contribution to the noise.

我们研究了重力波在文物虫洞和正常物质物体上的散射的集体特征。我们推导并求解了GW能量传输方程，并表明散射信号与基本信号位于相同的频带中。散射形成长尾巴，这些尾巴总是伴随基本信号并具有通用形式。在正常物质物体上的散射会形成尾巴，尾巴总是具有延迟的特征，而虫洞也会导致尾巴先进。此外，当在地球上检测到的尾巴中的总能量超过入射直接波中的总能量时，虫洞可能会产生更强的效果。在这两种情况下，当平均幅度随时间变化为\（h \ sim 1 / \ sqrt {t + R / c} \）时，减速尾巴具有较长的寿命。。对于单个GW事件，回波尾部对平均幅度的贡献很小。但是，这些尾巴会随事件而累积，并形成随机的GW背景，可以通过对噪声的影响来观察这些背景。