The Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is a typical Tibetan plateau area, and its ecological environment is very fragile. It is necessary to explore the terrain and cultural factors for the protection of the local ecological environment. We mainly investigated and quantified the effect of terrain factors and two typical plateau cultural landscapes (temples and villages) on the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of four types of forest landscape in the Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture from 1990 to 2015 using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technology. The results showed that, under the influence of terrain factors, forest landscapes were only distributed in places with an altitude of 5055 meters above sea level (masl) to 6300 masl, with a slope of 0–27°, and the largest distribution area was shrubbery. The area of the forest decreased with the increase in altitude, and it first rose and then decreased with the increase in slope. Regression analysis results showed that the influence of altitude on closed forest land and open forest land followed a polynomial function, while that on shrubbery followed a logarithmic function, and the impact of slope on the three forest landscapes followed the amplitude version of a Gaussian peak function. Considering cultural factors, temples and villages did not determine the forest distribution in the same way as natural factors do, but they motivated the amount of forest over spatiotemporal scales. Temples had a greater influence on forest protection than villages, and this positive impact was stronger within 6 km. The area of forest distributed around the temple accounts for more than 45.67% of the total forest area, and this area has not changed significantly in 25 years. In summary, altitude and slope affect the natural distribution of the forest, and temples affect the scale of forest distribution. These results reveal the impact of terrain factors and cultural landscapes on forest distribution and could motivate an even more effective management for sustainable forest development.

中文翻译：

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地形因素和文化景观对玉树藏族自治州高原森林分布的影响

玉树藏族自治州是典型的青藏高原地区，其生态环境十分脆弱。有必要探索地形和文化因素，以保护当地的生态环境。我们主要利用遥感和遥感技术对1990年至2015年玉树藏族自治州4种森林景观的地形因子和两种典型高原文化景观（寺庙和村庄）的时空变化特征的影响进行了调查和量化信息系统（GIS）技术。结果表明，在地形因素的影响下，森林景观仅分布在海拔5055米（马斯尔）至6300 masl（坡度为0-27°）的地方，最大的分布区域是灌木。森林面积随高度的增加而减小，先上升后减小，随坡度的增加而减小。回归分析结果表明，海拔高度对封闭林地和开阔林地的影响遵循多项式函数，对灌木林的影响遵循对数函数，坡度对三种森林景观的影响遵循高斯峰值函数的振幅形式。 。考虑到文化因素，寺庙和村庄并没有像自然因素那样确定森林的分布，但是它们在时空范围内激发了森林的数量。寺庙对森林保护的影响要大于村庄，而这一积极影响在6公里之内更为明显。寺庙周围分布的森林面积超过45。占森林总面积的67％，而且该面积在25年内没有发生太大变化。总之，海拔和坡度影响森林的自然分布，庙宇影响森林的分布规模。这些结果揭示了地形因素和文化景观对森林分布的影响，并可能促使对森林可持续发展进行更有效的管理。