To determine the optimal light intensity and enable plants to cope with various environmental stresses in plant factories, the morphological and photosynthetic characteristics of ginseng seedlings, including the secondary metabolites, were investigated under six light intensities: 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. The shoot length increased with lower light intensity up to 75 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, and the leaf area and specific leaf weight were greatest at 100 and 75 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, respectively. Stomata frequency was higher from 100 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ with higher light intensity, and single stomatal pore length also increased at 150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. Net photosynthetic rate at light saturation and net photosynthetic rate in growth condition increased sequentially up to 100 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ before rapidly decreasing at 150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. The dark respiration rate and light compensation point were significantly high at 150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ only. Fv/Fm and chlorophyll content statistically differed from 63 and 84 days after seedling stand, respectively. Thus, the leaves withered to death with higher light intensity. The ginsenoside content in the roots significantly increased according to the light intensity, and the panaxadiol/panaxatriol (PT) ratio tended to decrease as the PT-type ginsenosides increased further. Taken together, the range of 75–100 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ was found to be beneficial for growth, photosynthetic acclimation response, and total accumulated ginsenosides of ginseng seedlings.

为了确定最佳光强度并使植物能够应对植物工厂中的各种环境胁迫，在以下6种光强度下研究了人参幼苗（包括次生代谢产物）的形态和光合特性：25、50、75、100、125，和150μmolm ^-2  s ^-1。枝条长度随着较低的光强度而增加，直至75μmolm ^-2  s ^-1，叶面积和比叶重最大，分别为100和75μmolm ^-2  s ^-1。气孔频率高于100μmolm ^-2  s ^-1在150μmolm ^-2  s ^-1时，光强度较高，且单个气孔孔径也增加。在光饱和时的净光合速率和在生长条件下的净光合速率依次增加至100μmolm ^-2  s ^-1，然后在150μmolm ^-2  s ^-1处迅速降低。在150μmolm ^-2  s ^-1时，暗呼吸速率和光补偿点显着较高只要。Fv / Fm和叶绿素含量在幼苗站立后的63天和84天分别有统计学差异。因此，叶片在更高的光强度下枯萎至死亡。根系中的人参皂苷含量随光照强度而显着增加，而人参二醇/人参三醇（PT）的比例则随着PT型人参皂苷的进一步增加而趋于降低。两者合计，发现75–100μmolm ^-2  s ^-1的范围有利于人参幼苗的生长，光合适应反应和总积累的人参皂甙。