Abstract

Modern self-schema theory posits multiple representations in memory of the self, with each individual self-schema possessing associative connections to relational contexts (i.e., self-with-other). However, existing self-schema measures typically assess a generalized self unmoored from context. In two studies, we present a new instrument—the Relational Self-Schema Measure (RSSM)—designed to represent the self-schema construct with greater content validity. In Study 1, 512 adults completed an initial version of the RSSM that was subjected to exploratory factor analyses. Support emerged for a reduced four-factor model that included relatedness satisfaction, control satisfaction, self-esteem/status frustration, and autonomy frustration psychological need themes. In Study 2, 516 adults completed a revised RSSM along with measures of self-esteem, attachment, and mood and anxiety symptoms. A separate sample of 191 college students completed the revised RSSM and a measure of dysfunctional attitudes. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the same four-factor model. Moreover, the RSSM exhibited good convergent and discriminant validity as well as incremental validity in predicting positive affect, distress, and anxiety symptoms. Finally, significant within-person variability was apparent across relational schemata that accounted for additional variance in positive affect, distress, and anxiety symptoms.

摘要

现代自我图式理论在自我的记忆中提出了多种表征，每个个体的自我图式都具有与关系上下文（即自我与他人）的关联连接。然而，现有的自我图式测量通常评估从上下文中解脱出来的广义自我。在两项研究中，我们提出了一种新工具——关系自模式测量 (RSSM)——旨在以更高的内容有效性来表示自模式结构。在研究 1 中，512 名成年人完成了 RSSM 的初始版本，并进行了探索性因素分析。支持减少的四因素模型，包括相关性满意度、控制满意度、自尊/状态挫折和自主挫折心理需求主题。在研究 2 中，516 名成年人完成了修订的 RSSM 以及自尊测量，依恋，以及情绪和焦虑症状。一个由 191 名大学生组成的单独样本完成了修订后的 RSSM 和功能失调态度的测量。验证性因素分析支持相同的四因素模型。此外，RSSM 在预测积极情绪、痛苦和焦虑症状方面表现出良好的收敛效度和区分效度以及增量效度。最后，在关系图式中，显着的个人内部差异很明显，这导致了积极情绪、痛苦和焦虑症状的额外差异。RSSM 在预测积极情绪、痛苦和焦虑症状方面表现出良好的收敛效度和区分效度以及增量效度。最后，在关系图式中，显着的个人内部差异很明显，这导致了积极情绪、痛苦和焦虑症状的额外差异。RSSM 在预测积极情绪、痛苦和焦虑症状方面表现出良好的收敛效度和区分效度以及增量效度。最后，在关系图式中，显着的个人内部差异很明显，这导致了积极情绪、痛苦和焦虑症状的额外差异。