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Comorbidity Between Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents: Bridge Symptoms and Relevance of Risk and Protective Factors
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment ( IF 2.118 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-30 , DOI: 10.1007/s10862-021-09880-5
Deniz Konac 1, 2 , Katherine S Young 3 , Jennifer Lau 1 , Edward D Barker 1
Affiliation  

Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent and comorbid in adolescents, and this co-occurrence leads to worse prognosis and additional difficulties. The relationship between depression and anxiety must be delineated to, in turn, reduce and prevent the comorbidity, however our knowledge is still limited. We used network analysis to investigate bridge symptoms; symptoms that connect individual depression and anxiety symptoms and thus can help explain the comorbidity. We also examined the role of relevant risk and protective factors in explaining these symptom-level associations between these disorders. We analyzed data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Children and Parents (n = 3670). Depression and anxiety symptoms, peer victimization, bullying, peer relational problems, prosocial behavior, and parental monitoring were assessed at a single time point around age 13 years. Stressful life events (SLEs) were assessed at age 11 years. We identified the most prominent bridge symptoms among depression (“feeling unhappy”, “feeling lonely”) and anxiety symptoms (“worrying about past”, “worrying about future”). Peer relational difficulties and SLEs were strongly associated with several depression and anxiety symptoms, such that these two risk factors created a link between individual depression and anxiety symptoms. Prosocial behavior had several negative associations with symptoms of both disorders, suggesting it can be an important protective factor.



中文翻译:

青少年抑郁和焦虑之间的共病:桥梁症状以及风险和保护因素的相关性

抑郁和焦虑在青少年中非常普遍且共存,这种同时发生会导致更差的预后和额外的困难。必须描述抑郁和焦虑之间的关系,从而减少和预防共病,但我们的知识仍然有限。我们使用网络分析来调查桥梁症状;将个体抑郁和焦虑症状联系起来的症状,因此可以帮助解释合并症。我们还研究了相关风险和保护因素在解释这些疾病之间的症状水平关联方面的作用。我们分析了雅芳儿童和家长纵向研究的数据 ( n  = 3670)。在 13 岁左右的单个时间点评估抑郁和焦虑症状、同伴受害、欺凌、同伴关系问题、亲社会行为和父母监控。压力生活事件 (SLE) 在 11 岁时进行评估。我们确定了抑郁症(“感到不快乐”、“感到孤独”)和焦虑症状(“担心过去”、“担心未来”)之间最突出的桥梁症状。同伴关系困难和系统性红斑狼疮与多种抑郁和焦虑症状密切相关,因此这两个危险因素在个体抑郁和焦虑症状之间建立了联系。亲社会行为与这两种疾病的症状有一些负面关联,表明它可能是一个重要的保护因素。

更新日期:2021-03-30
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