The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, 4th ed. includes two measures of working memory normed on children 2;6–7;7. The present analyses of the typically developing children (N = 1,591, 812 female, 779 male, with an ethnic distribution approximating the United States) provide new, theoretically important information about these working memory tasks, Picture Memory and Zoo Locations. These new analyses establish developmental trends, individual-difference properties, and cognitive task properties. They show comparable developmental trends for the two tasks, but Picture Memory picks up more individual-difference variation and is more sensitive to knowledge. This analysis of normed tasks starting very young makes possible new methods for research on the early stages of childhood working memory development, about which little is currently known.

中文翻译：

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对美国 2-7 岁儿童的大型样本规范的两项工作记忆任务的区分

韦克斯勒学前和小学智力量表，第 4 版。包括针对儿童 2;6-7;7 的两种工作记忆标准。目前对典型发育儿童的分析（N = 1,591，812 名女性，779 名男性，种族分布近似于美国）提供了关于这些工作记忆任务、图片记忆和动物园位置的新的、理论上重要的信息。这些新的分析确定了发展趋势、个体差异属性和认知任务属性。它们显示了这两项任务的可比发展趋势，但图片记忆获得了更多的个体差异变化，并且对知识更敏感。这种对从很小的时候开始的规范任务的分析为研究儿童工作记忆发展的早期阶段提供了新的方法，目前对此知之甚少。