Laboratory-scale experiments on mixed-mode I/II (including pure modes I and II) fracture of non-oriented columnar saline ice were performed. In the experiments, obliquely notched, three-point bending specimens were used, with the load applied in the direction perpendicular to the columnar grains. Tests were performed on dry isothermal (−10 °C) specimens and specimens floating in water and having a temperature gradient (mean temperature: −2.5 °C). The fracture loads and crack initiation angles were analyzed. The apparent mode I, mode II and mixed-mode fracture toughness and the flexural strength of the floating and relatively warm specimens were only about thirty percent of those of the dry and cold specimens. The results showed that the T-stress significantly influenced the mixed-mode I/II fracture of ice; good agreement was found between the experimental results and those predicted using the generalized maximum tangential stress criterion. Both trans- and inter-granular crack growth were observed, regardless of the specimen type or mode of loading.

进行了实验室模式的无定向柱状盐水冰混合I / II（包括纯模式I和II）断裂的实验。在实验中，使用倾斜切口的三点弯曲试样，并沿垂直于柱状晶粒的方向施加载荷。对干燥的等温（-10°C）样品和漂浮在水中并具有温度梯度（平均温度：-2.5°C）的样品进行了测试。分析了断裂载荷和裂纹萌生角。浮标和相对温暖的试样的表观模态I，模态II和混合模态断裂韧性以及抗弯强度仅为干，冷试样的约百分之三十。结果表明，T应力显着影响冰的I / II混合模式断裂。实验结果与使用广义最大切向应力准则预测的结果之间有很好的一致性。无论样品类型或加载方式如何，都可以观察到晶间和晶间裂纹扩展。