This article describes a neural model of the anatomy, neurophysiology, and functions of intrinsic and extrinsic theta rhythms in the brains of multiple species. Topics include how theta rhythms were discovered; how theta rhythms organize brain information processing into temporal series of spatial patterns; how distinct theta rhythms occur within area CA1 of the hippocampus and between the septum and area CA3 of the hippocampus; what functions theta rhythms carry out in different brain regions, notably CA1-supported functions like learning, recognition, and memory that involve visual, cognitive, and emotional processes; how spatial navigation, adaptively timed learning, and category learning interact with hippocampal theta rhythms; how parallel cortical streams through the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) and the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) represent the end-points of the What cortical stream for perception and cognition, and the Where cortical stream for spatial representation and action; how the neuromodulator acetylcholine interacts with the septo-hippocampal theta rhythm and modulates category learning; what functions are carried out by other brain rhythms, such as gamma and beta oscillations; and how gamma and beta oscillations interact with theta rhythms. Multiple experimental facts about theta rhythms are unified and functionally explained by this theoretical synthesis.

中文翻译：

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内在和外在海马 Theta 节律的神经模型：解剖学、神经生理学和功能

本文描述了多个物种大脑中内在和外在 theta 节律的解剖学、神经生理学和功能的神经模型。主题包括如何发现 θ 节律；Theta 节律如何将大脑信息处理组织成时间序列的空间模式；海马 CA1 区域内以及海马隔膜和 CA3 区域之间如何发生不同的 θ 节律；θ 节律在不同的大脑区域执行哪些功能，特别是 CA1 支持的功能，例如涉及视觉、认知和情感过程的学习、识别和记忆；空间导航、自适应定时学习和类别学习如何与海马θ节律相互作用；通过外侧内嗅皮层（LEC）和内侧内嗅皮层（MEC）的平行皮层流如何代表感知和认知的“什么”皮层流以及空间表征和行动的“何处”皮层流的端点；神经调节剂乙酰胆碱如何与隔海马θ节律相互作用并调节类别学习；其他大脑节律执行哪些功能，例如伽马和贝塔振荡；以及伽马和贝塔振荡如何与西塔节律相互作用。关于 θ 节律的多个实验事实通过这种理论综合得到了统一和功能上的解释。