In low latitude regions, due to impact of abrupt climate change/human interference, significant changes in vegetation, particularly the destruction of the highly fragile mangrove ecosystem has been noticed in different tropical areas of the world. In this study, a sediment core collected from the Kali Estuary has been used to determine the vegetation distribution of the Western Ghats since the late Holocene. Pollen and magnetic susceptibility data have been used as proxies to achieve objectives of the study. There has been a dramatic decrease in mangroves, evergreen (tree taxa) and deciduous forest pollens and the abundance of herbaceous/savanna type grassland pollen over the past 3.5 ka. This is supported by the significant decrease of the low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (χlf) of the core reflecting the decrease in the summer monsoon rainfall. Therefore, the post-3.5 ka time period marks the beginning of the recolonization of vegetation. Rarefied diversity pattern plots were used to evaluate abundance and evenness in the pollen data as a result of the late-Holocene climate change. A significant increase in the diversity of herbaceous/savanna grassland taxa in the post-3.5 ka sequence of the core indicates the regional expansion of the agriculture in the Kali River basin. In contrast, the reduction in the taxonomic diversity of mangroves and arboreal taxa implies less-conducive environmental conditions for their growth, with further reduction due to anthropogenic interference. The magnetic susceptibility of the core measured at one cm interval indicates the general decrease in the intensity of the summer monsoon rainfall.

在低纬度地区，由于气候突变/人为干扰的影响，世界不同热带地区的植被发生显着变化，特别是高度脆弱的红树林生态系统遭到破坏。在这项研究中，从卡利河口收集的沉积物芯已用于确定自全新世晚期以来西高止山脉的植被分布。花粉和磁化率数据已被用作实现研究目标的代理。在过去的 3.5 ka 中，红树林、常绿（乔木类群）和落叶林花粉以及草本/稀树草原型草地花粉的丰度急剧减少。这得到了反映夏季季风降雨量减少的核心低频磁化率（χlf）的显着降低的支持。因此，后 3.5 ka 时期标志着植被重新定植的开始。由于晚全新世气候变化，稀有多样性模式图用于评估花粉数据的丰度和均匀度。核心后 3.5 ka 序列中草本/稀树草原草原类群多样性的显着增加表明卡里河流域农业的区域扩张。相比之下，红树林和树栖类群分类多样性的减少意味着对其生长不利的环境条件，由于人为干扰而进一步减少。