Interest in lignocellulosic biomass conversion technologies has increased recently because of their potential to reduce the dependency on non-renewable feedstocks. Residues from a variety of crops are the major source of lignocellulose, which is being produced in increasingly large quantities worldwide. The commercial exploitation of crop residues as feedstocks for biorefineries which could be used to produce a variety of goods such as biofuels, biochemicals, bioplastics, and enzymes is an attractive approach not only for adding value to residues but also for providing renewable products required by the expanding bioeconomy market. Moreover, the implementation of biorefineries in different regions has the potential to add value to the specific crop residues produced in the region. In this review, several aspects of crop residue application in biorefineries are discussed, including the role of crop residues in the bioeconomy and circular economy concepts, the main technical aspects of crop residue conversion in biorefineries, the main crop residues generated in different regions of the world and their availability, the potential value-added bioproducts that can be extracted or produced from each crop residue, and the major advantages and challenges associated with crop residue utilization in biorefineries. Despite their potential, most biomass refining technologies are not sufficiently advanced or financially viable. Several technical obstacles, especially with regard to crop residue collection, handling, and pre-treatment, prevent the implementation of biorefineries on a commercial scale. Further research is needed to resolve these scale-up-related challenges. Increased governmental incentives and bioeconomic strategies are expected to boost the biorefinery market and the cost competitiveness of biorefinery products.

由于木质纤维素生物质转化技术可以减少对不可再生原料的依赖，因此近年来对木质纤维素生物质转化技术的兴趣有所增加。来自各种农作物的残留物是木质纤维素的主要来源，在世界范围内越来越多地生产木质纤维素。作物残渣作为生物精炼厂的原料进行商业开发，可用于生产多种产品，例如生物燃料，生化试剂，生物塑料和酶，这不仅是增加残渣价值的方法，而且还提供了可再生能源所需要的有吸引力的方法。扩大生物经济市场。此外，在不同地区实施生物精炼厂有可能为该地区生产的特定农作物残渣增加价值。在这篇评论中，讨论了作物残渣在生物精炼厂中的应用的几个方面，包括作物残渣在生物经济和循环经济概念中的作用，生物精炼厂中作物残渣转化的主要技术方面，世界不同地区产生的主要作物残渣及其可用性，可以从每种农作物残渣中提取或生产的潜在增值生物产品，以及与生物精炼厂利用农作物残渣相关的主要优势和挑战。尽管具有潜力，但大多数生物质提炼技术还不够先进或在财务上不可行。若干技术障碍，特别是在作物残渣收集，处理和预处理方面，阻碍了生物精炼厂以商业规模的实施。需要进一步研究来解决这些与扩展有关的挑战。预期政府激励措施和生物经济战略的增加将促进生物炼制市场和生物炼制产品的成本竞争力。