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Genetic improvement technologies to support the sustainable growth of UK aquaculture
Reviews in Aquaculture ( IF 10.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-29 , DOI: 10.1111/raq.12553
Tim Regan 1 , Tim P. Bean 1 , Tim Ellis 2 , Andrew Davie 3 , Stefano Carboni 3 , Herve Migaud 3 , Ross D. Houston 1
Affiliation  

While the UK is the fourth largest aquaculture producer in Europe by volume, it is the second largest by value with an annual first sale value of around £1 billion. Over 90% of this value is from Atlantic salmon farmed in Scotland, but other finfish and shellfish aquaculture species are important to several UK regions. In this review, we describe the state of the art in UK aquaculture breeding and stock supply, and how innovation in genetics technologies can help achieve the Scottish Government’s ambitious target of doubling its aquaculture industry by 2030. Particular attention is given to the four most important UK aquaculture species: Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, blue mussel and Pacific oyster, and we contrast the highly variable level of selective breeding and genomics technologies used in these sectors. A major factor in the success of Atlantic salmon farming has been large-scale investment in modern breeding programmes, including family selection programmes and genomic selection. This has proven cost-effective at scale, leading to improved production efficiency and reduction of some infectious diseases. We discuss the feasibility of applying similar technologies to the UK shellfish sectors, to ensure consistent and robust spat supply and begin trait selection. Furthermore, we discuss species-specific application of modern breeding technologies in a global context, and the future potential of genomics and genome editing technologies to improve commercially desirable traits. Increased adoption of modern breeding technologies will assist UK aquaculture industries to meet the challenges for sustainable expansion, and remain competitive in a global market.

中文翻译:

支持英国水产养殖可持续发展的基因改良技术

虽然按产量计算,英国是欧洲第四大水产养殖生产国,但按价值计算,它是第二大水产养殖生产国,每年的首次销售价值约为 10 亿英镑。该价值的 90% 以上来自苏格兰养殖的大西洋鲑鱼,但其他有鳍鱼类和贝类水产养殖品种对英国的几个地区很重要。在这篇评论中,我们描述了英国水产养殖育种和种群供应的最新技术,以及遗传技术的创新如何帮助实现苏格兰政府到 2030 年将其水产养殖业翻番的宏伟目标。特别关注四个最重要的英国水产养殖品种:大西洋鲑鱼、虹鳟鱼、蓝贻贝和太平洋牡蛎,我们对比了这些部门使用的高度可变的选择性育种和基因组学技术。大西洋鲑鱼养殖成功的一个主要因素是对现代育种计划的大规模投资,包括家庭选择计划和基因组选择。事实证明,这在规模上具有成本效益,从而提高了生产效率并减少了一些传染病。我们讨论了将类似技术应用于英国贝类部门的可行性,以确保一致和稳健的卵供应并开始性状选择。此外,我们讨论了现代育种技术在全球范围内的物种特异性应用,以及基因组学和基因组编辑技术在改善商业上理想性状方面的未来潜力。更多地采用现代育种技术将有助于英国水产养殖业应对可持续扩张的挑战,
更新日期:2021-03-29
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