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Chronic early trauma impairs emotion recognition and executive functions in youth; specifying biobehavioral precursors of risk and resilience
Development and Psychopathology ( IF 5.317 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-29 , DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000067
Shai Motsan 1, 2 , Karen Yirmiya 1, 2 , Ruth Feldman 2, 3
Affiliation  

Exposure to chronic early trauma carries lasting effects on children's well-being and adaptation. Guided by models on resilience, we assessed the interplay of biological, emotional, cognitive, and relational factors in shaping two regulatory outcomes in trauma-exposed youth: emotion recognition (ER) and executive functions (EF). A unique war-exposed cohort was followed from early childhood to early adolescence. At preadolescence (11–13 years), ER and EF were assessed and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), biomarker of parasympathetic regulation, was quantified. Mother–child dyadic reciprocity, child's avoidance symptoms, and cortisol (CT) were measured in early childhood. Trauma-exposed youth displayed impaired ER and EF abilities. Conditional process analysis described two differential indirect paths leading from early trauma to regulatory outcomes. ER was mediated by avoidance symptoms in early childhood and modulated by cortisol, such that this path was evident only for preadolescents with high, but not low, CT. In comparison, EF was mediated by the degree of dyadic reciprocity experienced in early childhood and modulated by RSA, observed only among youth with lower RSA. Findings pinpoint trauma-related disruptions to key regulatory support systems in preadolescence as mediated by early-childhood relational, clinical, and physiological factors and highlight the need to specify biobehavioral precursors of resilience toward targeted early interventions.



中文翻译:

慢性早期创伤会损害青年的情绪识别和执行功能;指定风险和复原力的生物行为前兆

暴露于慢性早期创伤会对儿童的幸福感和适应能力产生持久影响。在复原力模型的指导下,我们评估了生物、情感、认知和关系因素在塑造受创伤青年的两种调节结果方面的相互作用:情绪识别 (ER) 和执行功能 (EF)。从儿童早期到青春期早期跟踪了一个独特的战争暴露队列。在青春期前(11-13 岁),评估了 ER 和 EF,并对副交感神经调节的生物标志物呼吸性窦性心律失常 (RSA) 进行了量化。在儿童早期测量了母子二元互惠、孩子的回避症状和皮质醇 (CT)。遭受创伤的青年表现出 ER 和 EF 能力受损。条件过程分析描述了从早期创伤到监管结果的两条不同的间接路径。ER 由儿童早期的回避症状介导,并受皮质醇的调节,因此该路径仅对 CT 高但不低的青春期前儿童明显。相比之下,EF 由儿童早期经历的二元互惠程度介导,并受 RSA 调节,仅在 RSA 较低的青年中观察到。研究结果确定了青春期前关键监管支持系统与创伤相关的破坏,这是由儿童早期关系、临床和生理因素介导的,并强调需要明确针对有针对性的早期干预的复原力的生物行为前兆。因此,这条路径仅对 CT 高但不低的青春期前儿童是明显的。相比之下,EF 由儿童早期经历的二元互惠程度介导,并受 RSA 调节,仅在 RSA 较低的青年中观察到。研究结果确定了青春期前关键监管支持系统与创伤相关的破坏,这是由儿童早期关系、临床和生理因素介导的,并强调需要明确针对有针对性的早期干预的复原力的生物行为前兆。因此,这条路径仅对 CT 高但不低的青春期前儿童是明显的。相比之下,EF 由儿童早期经历的二元互惠程度介导,并受 RSA 调节,仅在 RSA 较低的青年中观察到。研究结果确定了青春期前关键监管支持系统与创伤相关的破坏,这是由儿童早期关系、临床和生理因素介导的,并强调需要明确针对有针对性的早期干预的复原力的生物行为前兆。

更新日期:2021-03-29
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