Abstract

This paper examines whether Ghana's continuing reliance on primary products has contributed to its economic growth and such economic growth would be sustained in the long run. It shows that Ghana's economic growth since the 1990s can be attributed to a series of fortunes and heavy reliance on a few primary products will not lead to a sustainable development. The experience of Ghana provides important policy implications. Structural reforms, such as a well-designed industrial policy, would be needed for the long run economic development. For Ghana, industrialization did not progress since the 1980s. The infrastructure could not support the manufacturing development and the tertiary level education is not appropriate, particularly in science and engineering. Focusing on selected industrial estates would be meaningful in light of the limited resources. It is needed to prepare a stable supply of electricity and to reduce an exchange rate volatility. A modification of tariff structure depending on the stages of processing and an active utilization of export incentive schemes would be helpful. The government is to pay attention to a further development of the agro-processing industry, textiles and garments industry, aluminum production and the petrochemical industry.

摘要

本文考察了加纳对初级产品的持续依赖是否有助于其经济增长以及这种经济增长是否会长期持续。它表明，加纳自 1990 年代以来的经济增长可归因于一系列财富，对少数初级产品的严重依赖不会导致可持续发展。加纳的经验提供了重要的政策启示。长期经济发展需要结构性改革，例如精心设计的产业政策。对于加纳来说，工业化自 1980 年代以来就没有进展。基础设施不能支持制造业的发展，高等教育不合适，特别是在科学和工程方面。鉴于资源有限，专注于选定的工业区将是有意义的。需要准备稳定的电力供应并减少汇率波动。根据加工阶段和积极利用出口激励计划来修改关税结构将是有帮助的。政府将关注进一步发展农产品加工业、纺织服装业、铝生产和石化工业。