This study was conducted to assess the effect of lipid supplementation on the proteomic profile of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and mammary gland tissue (MGT) in lactating goats. Thirty-eight crossbred goats received a total mixed ration (TMR) based on chopped elephant grass and concentrate during 35 days post-partum. They were divided into three diet groups two weeks after kidding, namely, Control group (CG; n = 12), fed baseline TMR; Flaxseed group (FG; n = 13), fed ground flaxseed added to the TMR for 21 days (12 % total dry matter); and microalgae Chlorella group (MCG; n = 13), fed microalgae Chlorella added to the TMR for 21 days (0.05 % live weight). Blood plasma concentrations of total protein, albumin, and glutathione peroxidase were determined. Weekly milk samples were used to estimate milk yield and protein and fat levels. MGT samples were biopsied on the 35th day of the experiment. The protein profile of MFGM and MGT was assessed using 1D SDS–PAGE and mass spectrometry. The MCG group showed lower dry matter intake and higher milk fat than the other diets. The milk protein level was not affected by the diet group. The 22 protein bands identified in MFGM showed no difference between diets. The multivariate model selected eight protein bands (VIP > 1) to segregate the diet groups. Nine out of 44 protein bands identified in MGT showed lower expression in the FG group, which had a lipid level of the diet of 8 %. The multivariate model involved 11 band proteins (VIP > 1) in the diet group segregation. Thus, the increased lipid level in the diet or milk of lactating goats had no marked effects on the MFGM proteome. High lipid diet interfered with the expression of proteins in the mammary glands, which points to the greater sensitivity of this organ to the effort of lipotoxicity.

进行这项研究以评估补充脂质对哺乳山羊乳脂球膜（MFGM）和乳腺组织（MGT）蛋白质组学特性的影响。38只杂交山羊在产后35天接受了基于切碎的象草和精饲料的总混合日粮（TMR）。开玩笑后两周将他们分为三个饮食组，即对照组（CG； n = 12），喂食基线TMR；对照组（CG）。亚麻籽组（FG； n = 13），将饲喂的亚麻籽粉添加到TMR中21天（干物质总量的12％）；和微藻小球藻组（MCG； n = 13），饲喂微藻小球藻添加到TMR中21天（0.05％活重）。测定血浆中总蛋白，白蛋白和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的浓度。每周使用牛奶样本估算牛奶产量以及蛋白质和脂肪水平。在实验的第35天对MGT样品进行活检。使用一维SDS-PAGE和质谱法评估MFGM和MGT的蛋白质谱。与其他饮食相比，MCG组显示出较低的干物质摄入量和较高的乳脂。牛奶蛋白水平不受饮食组的影响。MFGM中鉴定出的22个蛋白带在饮食之间没有差异。多元模型选择了八个蛋白带（VIP> 1）来区分饮食组。在MGT中鉴定出的44条蛋白带中，有9条在FG组中的表达较低，其饮食中的脂质水平为8％。多变量模型涉及饮食组隔离中的11个带蛋白（VIP> 1）。因此，泌乳山羊饮食或牛奶中脂质水平的增加对MFGM蛋白质组没有显着影响。高脂饮食会干扰乳腺中蛋白质的表达，这表明该器官对脂毒性的敏感性更高。