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Climate risks and weather derivatives: A copula-based pricing model
Journal of Financial Stability ( IF 3.554 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jfs.2021.100877
Giacomo Maria Bressan , Silvia Romagnoli

The paper focuses on the role of climate and weather derivatives (CDs/WDs for short) as instruments to hedge climate risk. The aim of this paper is twofold: (i) we introduce a copula-based pricing methodology for multivariate CDs/WDs, whose flexible theoretical framework allows to be suited to any pricing application and possible structure of multivariate products, and (ii) we discuss the impact of CDs/WDs on climate risk and their implication for financial stability. Using the proposed framework, we illustrate a calibration example on a case study on Italian data. We find that Archimedean copula functions characterized by left tail dependence are generally more suitable to fit the data, depending on the season and the location. We also explore the advantages of using more sophisticated, i.e. multivariate, functions and assess the improvement of fitting. Subsequently, leveraging both the theoretical model and the empirical results, we discuss the relation between climate risk hedging and financial stability. Especially, we move from modeling complexities and limitations to illustrate how incorrect calculations (i.e. mispricings, or over/under estimations of capital at risk) can, alongside with climate change effect, increase rather than reduce the climate physical risk and hence the concerns for financial stability. Finally, we discuss this point in relation with the legislative framework, noting how, in the current context of uncertain legislation and imperfect pricing, climate hedging risks are likely to do more harm than good.



中文翻译:

气候风险和天气衍生工具:基于copula的定价模型

本文着重介绍气候和天气衍生物(简称CD / WD)作为对冲气候风险的工具的作用。本文的目的是双重的:(i)我们引入了一种基于copula的多元CD / WD定价方法,其灵活的理论框架使其可以适用于任何定价应用和多元产品的可能结构,以及(ii)我们讨论CD / WDs对气候风险的影响及其对金融稳定的影响。使用提出的框架,我们以意大利数据的案例研究为例,说明了一个校准示例。我们发现,取决于季节和位置,以左尾巴依存为特征的阿基米德系脉动函数通常更适合拟合数据。我们还探讨了使用更复杂的变量(即多元变量)的优势 发挥功能并评估拟合的改进。随后,利用理论模型和实证结果,我们讨论了气候风险对冲与金融稳定性之间的关系。特别是,我们从建模复杂性和局限性的角度出发,以说明错误的计算(即定价错误,或风险资本的高估/低估)如何与气候变化影响一起增加而不是减少气候自然风险,从而增加对金融的担忧稳定。最后,我们结合立法框架讨论了这一点,并指出,在当前立法不确定和定价不完善的背景下,气候套期保值风险的弊大于利。我们讨论了气候风险对冲与金融稳定性之间的关系。特别是,我们从建模复杂性和局限性的角度出发,以说明错误的计算(即定价错误,或风险资本的高估/低估)如何与气候变化影响一起增加而不是减少气候自然风险,从而增加对金融的担忧稳定。最后,我们结合立法框架讨论了这一点,并指出,在当前立法不确定和定价不完善的背景下,气候套期保值风险的弊大于利。我们讨论了气候风险对冲与金融稳定性之间的关系。特别是,我们从建模复杂性和局限性的角度出发,以说明错误的计算(即定价错误,或风险资本的高估/低估)如何与气候变化影响一起增加而不是减少气候自然风险,从而增加对金融的担忧稳定。最后,我们结合立法框架讨论了这一点,并指出,在当前立法不确定和定价不完善的背景下,气候套期保值风险的弊大于利。与气候变化效应一起,增加而不是减少气候自然风险,从而增加对金融稳定性的担忧。最后,我们结合立法框架讨论了这一点,并指出,在当前立法不确定和定价不完善的背景下,气候套期保值风险的弊大于利。与气候变化效应一起,增加而不是减少气候自然风险,从而增加对金融稳定性的担忧。最后,我们结合立法框架讨论了这一点,并指出,在当前立法不确定和定价不完善的背景下,气候套期保值风险的弊大于利。

更新日期:2021-04-20
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