Abstract

City diplomacy is a major trend in the soft power development. As cities face daily political issues deriving from globalisation (such as mass tourism, migration, climate change, and commodification of culture), they demand for, rather than contesting with a nationstate, an operational reinterpretation of sovereignty oriented to solve problems. Political economy approach is a useful method to understand the role of global cities where the nation state has many deficiencies. The global city establishes rules to influence international legal development and practice, even without a traditional legal basis (such as sovereignty, monopoly on violence, and legal exclusivity). As these ‘superstar cities’ grow, other cities are losing opportunities to develop and take advantage of globalisation. The risk of inter-urban inequality feeds populism. Cities will become the middle power in global political organisations in the future, and political economy will shed light on how power and values operate at the urban level.

摘要

城市外交是软实力发展的大趋势。随着城市面临全球化带来的日常政治问题（例如大众旅游、移民、气候变化和文化商品化），它们要求而不是与民族国家竞争，对主权进行操作性的重新解释，以解决问题。政治经济学方法是了解民族国家存在许多缺陷的全球城市的作用的有用方法。即使没有传统的法律基础（如主权、暴力垄断和法律排他性），全球城市也会建立影响国际法律发展和实践的规则。随着这些“超级明星城市”的发展，其他城市正在失去发展和利用全球化的机会。城市间不平等的风险助长了民粹主义。