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Annual abundance of common Kestrels ( Falco tinnunculus ) is negatively associated with second generation anticoagulant rodenticides
Ecotoxicology ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-26 , DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02374-w
Staffan Roos , Steve T. Campbell , Gill Hartley , Richard F. Shore , Lee A. Walker , Jeremy D. Wilson

Rats and mice can damage food and agricultural products as well as transmit diseases, thereby requiring control of their numbers. Application of Second Generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides (SGARs) often reduces rodent numbers locally. However, predators eating rodents, including non-target species, that have consumed SGARs may be secondarily exposed and potentially lethally poisoned. Here we study whether SGARs may have contributed to the widespread population declines of a rodent-eating raptor, the Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) in the UK. We show that 161 (66.8%) of the 241 Kestrels submitted for ecotoxicology tests between 1997 and 2012 had detectable levels of at least one SGAR in their livers. Adult Kestrels had significantly higher prevalence of SGARs than juveniles, suggesting accumulation of SGARs through time. The prevalence and concentrations of individual SGARs in Kestrels were significantly higher in England than in Scotland. SGAR prevalence in Kestrels were positively associated with some land cover types, primarily arable cereals and broad-leaved woodland, and negatively associated with mainly mean elevation, probably reflecting variation in SGAR usage across land cover types. By using volunteer-collected data on national Kestrel abundance 1997–2012, we show that there is a negative correlation between the Kestrel population index in a specific year and the concentration of bromadialone as well as the total SGAR concentration in the same year. Although correlative, this is the first study to provide evidence for a potential population-limiting effect of SGARs on a raptor.



中文翻译:

一年生的普通Kestrels(Falco tinnunculus)与第二代抗凝血灭鼠剂呈负相关

大鼠和老鼠会破坏食物和农产品,并传播疾病,因此需要控制其数量。第二代抗凝杀鼠剂(SGARs)的使用通常会局部减少啮齿动物的数量。但是,食用了食用SGAR的啮齿动物(包括非目标物种)的食肉动物可能会再次暴露并可能致命地中毒。在这里,我们研究SGAR是否可能导致了以啮齿类动物为食的猛禽“普通红est”(Falco tinnunculus)的广泛种群减少。) 在英国。我们显示,在1997年至2012年间提交进行生态毒理学测试的241颗Kestrels中,有161颗(66.8%)的肝脏中可检测到至少一种SGAR的水平。成年的Kestrels的SGAR患病率显着高于青少年,表明SGAR随时间积累。英格兰的Kestrels中单个SGAR的患病率和浓度显着高于苏格兰。Kestrels中的SGAR流行与某些土地覆盖类型呈正相关,主要是耕种谷物阔叶林地,而与平均海拔呈负相关,这可能反映了不同土地覆盖类型SGAR使用情况的差异。通过使用志愿者收集的1997-2012年全国红est丰度数据,我们发现特定年份的红est人口指数与同年的溴代咪隆酮浓度以及SGAR总浓度之间呈负相关。尽管具有相关性,但这是第一个为SGAR对猛禽的潜在群体限制作用提供证据的研究。

更新日期:2021-03-27
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