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Critical Physical Geography and the Study of Genocide: Lessons from Cambodia
Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers ( IF 3.445 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-26 , DOI: 10.1111/tran.12451
Alex R. Colucci 1 , James A. Tyner 1 , Mandy Munro‐Stasiuk 1 , Stian Rice 2 , Sokvisal Kimsroy 1 , Chhunly Chhay 1 , Corrine Coakley 1
Affiliation  

For holistic accounts of past and present genocides to exist, the production of critical geographies of genocide, produced at the interface of human and physical geography, is vital. The emergent area of critical physical geography (CPG) scholarship stands to provide such holistic accounts in addition to providing genocide studies with a much-needed geographic perspective, one that is grounded in the lived material realities and social relations produced by the material interactions humans have with their environments. With the land, water, and people of Democratic Kampuchea and contemporary Cambodia as subjects, this work demonstrates how a grounded, empirical CPG approach enhances our understanding of genocide and its aftermath. By examining processes of landscape transformation we suggest that violence, agriculture, and water in the context of Cambodia cannot be considered separate “social” or “natural” components of systems that are either exclusively geopolitical or physiographic. Rather, we emphasise the importance of understanding genocide and violence as internally related to the wider geomorphology—and resulting hydrology and agricultural landscape—produced under the Khmer Rouge. Our approach here has two important consequences. First, the resultant empirical knowledge serves to reinterpret how the Cambodian genocide happened, upending normative myths by demonstrating that the Khmer Rouge consistently acted with intentionality in devaluing human life to the point of mass death while transforming physical landscapes to modernise and enter the global capitalist economy. This reinterpretation serves as a framework for reinterpreting how other genocides may also be stories of continuity and acceleration, rather than aberrant rupture. Second, our CPG approach communicates to genocide studies the need to better situate genocides within their material-geographic contexts. Specifically, that paying close attention to how humans live and die socio-politically, relative to the changing physical landscapes around them, can yield significant insights into how and why genocides continue to happen.

中文翻译:

批判自然地理和种族灭绝研究:柬埔寨的教训

为了对过去和现在的种族灭绝进行整体描述,在人类和自然地理的交界处产生的种族灭绝的批判地理的产生是至关重要的。批判自然地理学 (CPG) 奖学金的新兴领域除了提供具有急需的地理视角的种族灭绝研究之外,还提供这样的整体描述,这种视角以人类所拥有的物质互动所产生的生活物质现实和社会关系为基础。与他们的环境。这部作品以民主柬埔寨和当代柬埔寨的土地、水和人民为主题,展示了扎根的、实证的 CPG 方法如何增强我们对种族灭绝及其后果的理解。通过考察景观转变的过程,我们建议暴力、农业、和水在柬埔寨的背景下不能被视为单独的“社会”或“自然”组成部分,这些系统要么是完全地缘政治的,要么是地理学的。相反,我们强调将种族灭绝和暴力理解为与红色高棉下产生的更广泛的地貌以及由此产生的水文和农业景观有内在联系的重要性。我们在这里的方法有两个重要的后果。首先,由此产生的经验知识有助于重新解释柬埔寨种族灭绝是如何发生的,通过证明红色高棉始终有意地将人类生命贬值到大规模死亡的程度,同时改变自然景观以实现现代化并进入全球资本主义经济,从而颠覆了规范神话. 这种重新解释作为一个框架来重新解释其他种族灭绝如何也可能是连续性和加速的故事,而不是异常破裂的故事。其次,我们的 CPG 方法向种族灭绝研究传达了在其物质地理背景下更好地定位种族灭绝的必要性。具体而言,密切关注人类如何在社会政治上生活和死亡,相对于他们周围不断变化的物理景观,可以对种族灭绝如何以及为何继续发生产生重要的见解。
更新日期:2021-03-26
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