Some cancer treatment failures have been attributed to the tumour microbiota, with implications that microbiota manipulation may improve treatment efficacy. While antibiotics have been used to control bacterial growth, their dysbiotic effects on the microbiome, failure to penetrate biofilms and decreased efficacy due to increasing antimicrobial resistance by bacteria, suggest alternatives are needed. Bacteriophages may provide a precise means for targeting oncobacteria whose relative abundance is increased in tumour tissue microbiomes. Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Parvimonas, and Treponema species are prevalent in tumour tissue microbiomes of some cancers. They may promote cancer growth by dampening immunity, stimulating release of proinflammatory cytokines, and directly interacting with cancer cells to stimulate proliferation. Lytic bacteriophages against some of these oncobacteria have been isolated and characterised. The search continues for others. The possibility exists for their testing as adjuncts to complement existing therapies. In this review, we highlight the role of oncobacteria, specifically those whose relative abundance in the intra-tumour microbiome is increased, and discuss the potential for bacteriophages against these micro-organisms to augment existing cancer therapies. The capacity for bacteriophages to modulate immunity and kill specific bacteria makes them suitable candidates to manipulate the tumour microbiome and negate the effects of these oncobacteria.

中文翻译：

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噬菌体操纵与肿瘤微环境相关的微生物组——这能改善癌症治疗反应吗？

一些癌症治疗失败归因于肿瘤微生物群，这意味着微生物群操作可能会提高治疗效果。虽然抗生素已被用于控制细菌生长，但它们对微生物组的失调影响、无法穿透生物膜以及由于细菌对抗菌素耐药性增加而导致疗效降低，这表明需要替代品。噬菌体可以提供一种精确的方法来靶向肿瘤组织微生物组中相对丰度增加的癌杆菌。梭杆菌属、链球菌属、消化链球菌属、普氏菌属、细小单胞菌属和密螺旋体属物种在某些癌症的肿瘤组织微生物组中很普遍。它们可以通过抑制免疫、刺激促炎细胞因子的释放以及直接与癌细胞相互作用以刺激增殖来促进癌症生长。已经分离和表征了针对其中一些结核杆菌的裂解噬菌体。继续寻找其他人。有可能将它们的测试作为补充现有疗法的辅助手段。在这篇综述中，我们强调了肿瘤细菌的作用，特别是那些肿瘤内微生物组中相对丰度增加的细菌，并讨论了针对这些微生物的噬菌体增强现有癌症疗法的潜力。