The primary aim of this study was to explore the overlaps between dyslexia and a range of neurodevelopmental disorders and problems (NDPs), specifically symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, atypical sensory perception and developmental coordination disorder. Capitalizing on a population-based sample of twins, secondary aims included estimating the heritability of dyslexia and reporting on the measurement characteristics of the scale used to assess dyslexia. A telephone interview regarding symptoms of dyslexia and other NDPs was conducted with parents of 1,688 nine-year-old twins. The prevalence and the heritability of dyslexia were estimated at 8 and 52%, respectively. The boy: girl ratio was 1.5:1. Results revealed that there was more than an eight-fold increase in (diagnostic proxy) NDPs prevalence in the dyslexia group as compared to typical readers. Quantitatively measured symptoms of inattention, oral language problems and atypical sensory perception significantly predicted dyslexia status in a multivariate analysis. By contrast, ASD-related inflexibility was inversely associated with dyslexia in the multivariate model. In sum, dyslexia often overlaps with other NDPs. The current study provides new knowledge supporting the position to move beyond isolated diagnostic categories into behavioural profiles of co-occurring problems when trying to understand the pattern of strengths and needs in individuals with dyslexia.

中文翻译：

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阅读障碍中神经发育问题的共同发生

本研究的主要目的是探索阅读障碍与一系列神经发育障碍和问题 (NDP) 之间的重叠，特别是注意力缺陷/多动障碍、自闭症谱系障碍、非典型感觉知觉和发育协调障碍的症状。利用基于人群的双胞胎样本，次要目标包括估计阅读障碍的遗传力和报告用于评估阅读障碍的量表的测量特征。对 1,688 名 9 岁双胞胎的父母进行了关于阅读障碍症状和其他 NDP 的电话采访。阅读障碍的患病率和遗传率分别估计为 8% 和 52%。男孩：女孩比例为1.5：1。结果显示，与典型读者相比，阅读障碍组的（诊断代理）NDP 患病率增加了 8 倍以上。在多变量分析中，定量测量的注意力不集中、口语问题和非典型感官知觉症状显着预测阅读障碍状态。相比之下，在多变量模型中，与 ASD 相关的不灵活性与阅读障碍呈负相关。总之，阅读障碍经常与其他 NDP 重叠。当前的研究提供了新的知识，支持在试图了解阅读障碍个体的优势和需求模式时，超越孤立的诊断类别，进入同时发生问题的行为特征。在多变量分析中，口语问题和非典型感官知觉显着预测阅读障碍状态。相比之下，在多变量模型中，与 ASD 相关的不灵活性与阅读障碍呈负相关。总之，阅读障碍经常与其他 NDP 重叠。当前的研究提供了新的知识，支持在试图了解阅读障碍个体的优势和需求模式时，超越孤立的诊断类别，进入同时发生问题的行为特征。在多变量分析中，口语问题和非典型感官知觉显着预测阅读障碍状态。相比之下，在多变量模型中，与 ASD 相关的不灵活性与阅读障碍呈负相关。总之，阅读障碍经常与其他 NDP 重叠。当前的研究提供了新的知识，支持在试图了解阅读障碍个体的优势和需求模式时，超越孤立的诊断类别，进入同时发生问题的行为特征。