ABSTRACT

This article focuses on the translations produced at or prescribed by Fort William College (FWC) in the early nineteenth-century for the study of Hindustani/Urdu/Hindi. It demonstrates that the study of translations in the context of the formation of “new” languages adds fresh insights to our present understanding of Hindi/Urdu and their relationship to other varieties such as Awadhi and Braj. It explores the political context which undergirds the foundation of educational institutions such as FWC in early colonial India and the translation practices endorsed at these institutions for the study of languages and the conceptualization of different linguistic categories. It is hypothesized that within the multilingual context of early nineteenth-century north India, translation played an important role in the formation of new linguistic categories, hierarchies and language boundaries.

摘要

本文重点介绍 19 世纪早期由威廉堡学院 (FWC) 制作或规定的翻译，用于研究印度斯坦语/乌尔都语/印地语。它表明，在“新”语言形成的背景下研究翻译为我们目前对印地语/乌尔都语及其与其他变体（如 Awadhi 和 Braj）的关系的理解增加了新的见解。它探讨了支撑印度早期殖民时期 FWC 等教育机构基础的政治背景，以及这些机构认可的语言研究和不同语言类别概念化的翻译实践。据推测，在 19 世纪早期北印度的多语言环境中，翻译在新语言类别的形成中发挥了重要作用，