ABSTRACT

Objective: To assist stakeholders apply targeted safety strategies, we developed and tested a two-stage model of diversion knowledge and skills.

Background: Understanding pilot factors in weather-related diversions is integral to reducing the phenomenon of visual flight rules flight into meteorological conditions.

Method: Thirty-six general aviation pilots flew a cross-country flight in a Cessna 172 simulator where they encountered an ATC-directed diversion due to deteriorating weather. Path analyses quantified effects in a two-stage model based on criteria specified by aviation regulations.

Results: In stage 1, low cognitive flexibility and fewer recent pilot-in-command hours were associated with greater likelihood of ignoring the diversion instruction. Low cognitive flexibility was also associated with errors in locating the alternate aerodrome and incorrect procedures at the alternate. At stage 2, there were significant positive paths from a diversion efficiency variable to all aspects of pilotage. Pilotage positively predicted awareness of ownship and traffic, and was associated with fewer altitude violations.

Conclusion: We provide empirical evidence for the association between the cognitive factors related to continuation bias and high-risk responses to diversion instructions. Using a two-stage model to conceptualize pilot performance illuminates the impact of cognitive factors in weather-related diversions. Highlighting the pivotal human factors at two clear junctions of an unexpected diversion can more fully prepare pilots to safely manage these risk-laden events.

摘要

目标：为了帮助利益相关者应用有针对性的安全策略，我们开发并测试了转移知识和技能的两阶段模型。

背景：了解与天气相关的改航中的飞行员因素对于减少目视飞行规则飞行进入气象条件的现象是不可或缺的。

方法：36 名通用航空飞行员在塞斯纳 172 模拟器中进行了一次越野飞行，在那里他们遇到了由于天气恶化而由 ATC 指挥的改航。路径分析基于航空法规规定的标准的两阶段模型中的量化影响。

结果：在第 1 阶段，认知灵活性低和最近的机长时间较少与忽略改航指令的可能性更大有关。认知灵活性低还与定位备降机场的错误和备降机场的程序不正确有关。在第 2 阶段，从引航效率变量到引航的所有方面都存在显着的积极路径。引航积极预测对自己和交通的认识，并且与较少的高度违规相关。

结论：我们提供了与持续偏倚相关的认知因素与对转移指令的高风险反应之间关联的经验证据。使用两阶段模型来概念化飞行员的表现，阐明了认知因素在与天气相关的改道中的影响。在意外改道的两个明确交界处突出关键的人为因素可以让飞行员更充分地准备好安全地管理这些充满风险的事件。