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The two-way relationship between food systems and the COVID19 pandemic: causes and consequences
Agricultural Systems ( IF 6.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103134
Marta G. Rivera-Ferre , Feliu López-i-Gelats , Federica Ravera , Elisa Oteros-Rozas , Marina di Masso , Rosa Binimelis , Hamid El Bilali

CONTEXT

The COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the most pressing challenges for humanity. The pandemic is affecting all aspects of human lives and livelihoods, including food. In this context, new research shows the nexus between agri-food systems and the spread of emergent infectious diseases (EID) such as the coronavirus disease while at the same time, shows how the COVID-19 pandemics has heavily impacted food systems.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this work is to shed light and draw, through the case of COVID-19, the network of direct and indirect links and feedback loops between the globalised food system and pandemics.

METHODS

We conducted a literature review.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

As with climate change, food systems have a double relation with EID in general, and in particular with the present world health crisis linked to COVID-19. On the one hand, global agri-food systems, as currently organised, are a necessary step in the development of EID, through their impacts in land use changes, habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss and climate change. On the other hand, COVID-19 has had and is having impacts on all food systems at all scales. The review shows that all activities of the food system (from production to consumption) as well as all pillars of food security (availability, access, use, stability) have been affected. The impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on food systems can be divided between direct impacts of the virus outbreak, and indirect impacts derived from the containment measures (e.g. lockdowns, mobility restrictions, shops closure) adopted at different levels (from local to global). While all food systems across the globe have been affected by the pandemic, it is argued that vulnerability is different for different types of food systems. Long food supply chains have been particularly affected by COVID-19 crisis, however, it is important to avoid universalization of impacts and responses as agri-food systems are characterised by a huge diversity and heterogeneity. The review concludes by pointing out that while the pandemic represents a challenge for the global food systems, this ‘stress test’ can be also seized as an opportunity to highlight vulnerabilities to be urgently addressed during the recovery period and speed up the transformation towards more sustainable and resilient food systems.

SIGNIFICANCE

A food systems approach is essential to have a broader picture of the relationship of agri-food systems with zoonosis and their centrality in the pandemics and the derived socio-economic consequences.



中文翻译:

食品系统与COVID19大流行之间的双向关系:原因和后果

语境

COVID-19大流行已成为人类面临的最紧迫挑战之一。大流行影响着人类生活和生计的各个方面,包括食物。在这种情况下,新的研究显示了农业食品系统与诸如冠状病毒病等紧急传染病(EID)的传播之间的联系,同时表明了COVID-19大流行如何严重影响了食品系统。

客观的

这项工作的目的是通过COVID-19的案例来阐明和借鉴全球化食品系统与大流行病之间直接和间接联系以及反馈回路的网络。

方法

我们进行了文献综述。

结果与结论

与气候变化一样,食品系统总体上与EID有着双重关系,尤其是与COVID-19相关的当前世界卫生危机。一方面,目前组织的全球农业粮食系统通过影响土地利用变化,生境破碎化,生物多样性丧失和气候变化,是EID发展的必要步骤。另一方面,COVID-19已经并且正在影响所有规模的所有食品系统。审查表明,粮食系统的所有活动(从生产到消费)以及粮食安全的所有支柱(可用性,获取,使用,稳定)都受到了影响。COVID-19大流行对食品系统的影响可以分为病毒爆发的直接影响和遏制措施带来的间接影响(例如封锁,流动性限制,商店关闭)在不同级别(从本地到全球)采用。尽管全球所有粮食系统都受到了大流行的影响,但有人认为,针对不同类型的粮食系统,脆弱性是不同的。漫长的食品供应链特别受到了COVID-19危机的影响,但是,重要的是要避免影响和应对措施的普遍化,因为农业食品系统的特点是多样性和异质性很大。审查结论指出,虽然大流行是全球粮食系统的挑战,但这种“压力测试”也可以抓住机遇,突出强调在恢复期间亟待解决的脆弱性,并加快向更可持续发展的转型。和有弹性的食物系统。商店关闭)在不同级别(从本地到全球)采用。尽管全球所有粮食系统都受到了大流行的影响,但有人认为,针对不同类型的粮食系统,脆弱性是不同的。漫长的食品供应链特别受到了COVID-19危机的影响,但是,重要的是要避免影响和应对措施的普遍化,因为农业食品系统的特点是多样性和异质性很大。审查结论指出,虽然大流行是全球粮食系统的挑战,但这种“压力测试”也可以抓住机遇,突出强调在恢复期间亟待解决的脆弱性,并加快向更可持续发展的转型。和有弹性的食物系统。商店关闭)在不同级别(从本地到全球)采用。尽管全球所有粮食系统都受到了大流行的影响,但有人认为,针对不同类型的粮食系统,脆弱性是不同的。漫长的食品供应链特别受到了COVID-19危机的影响,但是,重要的是要避免影响和应对措施的普遍化,因为农业食品系统的特点是多样性和异质性很大。审查结论指出,虽然大流行是全球粮食系统的挑战,但这种“压力测试”也可以抓住机遇,突出强调在恢复期间亟待解决的脆弱性,并加快向更可持续发展的转型。和有弹性的食物系统。尽管全球所有粮食系统都受到了大流行的影响,但有人认为,针对不同类型的粮食系统,脆弱性是不同的。漫长的食品供应链特别受到了COVID-19危机的影响,但是,重要的是要避免影响和应对措施的普遍化,因为农业食品系统的特点是多样性和异质性很大。审查结论指出,虽然大流行是全球粮食系统的挑战,但这种“压力测试”也可以抓住机遇,突出强调在恢复期间亟待解决的脆弱性,并加快向更可持续发展的转型。和有弹性的食物系统。尽管全球所有粮食系统都受到了大流行的影响,但有人认为,针对不同类型的粮食系统,脆弱性是不同的。漫长的食品供应链特别受到了COVID-19危机的影响,但是,重要的是要避免影响和应对措施的普遍化,因为农业食品系统的特点是多样性和异质性很大。审查结论指出,虽然大流行是全球粮食系统的挑战,但这种“压力测试”也可以抓住机遇,突出强调在恢复期间亟待解决的脆弱性,并加快向更可持续发展的转型。和有弹性的食物系统。漫长的食品供应链特别受到了COVID-19危机的影响,但是,重要的是要避免影响和应对措施的普遍化,因为农业食品系统的特点是多样性和异质性很大。审查结论指出,虽然大流行是全球粮食系统的挑战,但这种“压力测试”也可以抓住机会,突出强调在恢复期间亟待解决的脆弱性,并加快向更可持续发展的转型。和有弹性的食物系统。漫长的食品供应链特别受到了COVID-19危机的影响,但是,重要的是要避免影响和应对措施的普遍化,因为农业食品系统的特点是多样性和异质性很大。审查结论指出,虽然大流行是全球粮食系统的挑战,但这种“压力测试”也可以抓住机遇,突出强调在恢复期间亟待解决的脆弱性,并加快向更可持续发展的转型。和有弹性的食物系统。

意义

为了更全面地了解农业食品系统与人畜共患病的关系及其在大流行中的重要性以及由此产生的社会经济后果,食品系统的方法至关重要。

更新日期:2021-04-15
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