Surveying civil war in the world today is striking in terms of how often religious cleavages and grievances have become central to armed conflict. How are the causes and outcomes of religious civil wars different than other civil wars, if at all? Is Islam implicated for the contemporary surge in religious civil war? The first section reviews the literature and addresses the importance of religion for civil war. I then introduce a dataset and describe key trends in religious civil war in the third section, while in the fourth section I present tests of whether Muslim or Arab Muslim societies in particular are more prone to religious strife. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the main findings.

就宗教分裂和不满成为武装冲突的中心的频率而言，对当今世界内战进行调查令人震惊。宗教内战的起因和结果与其他内战有何不同？伊斯兰教是否牵涉当代宗教内战的激增？第一部分回顾了文献，并论述了宗教对内战的重要性。然后，在第三部分中，我介绍了一个数据集并描述了宗教内战的主要趋势，而在第四部分中，我给出了关于穆斯林社会还是阿拉伯穆斯林社会尤其更容易发生宗教冲突的测试。本文最后讨论了主要发现的含义。