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Using the Lonsdorf model for estimating habitat loss and fragmentation effects on pollination service
Ecological Processes ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-22 , DOI: 10.1186/s13717-021-00291-8 Ehsan Rahimi , Shahindokht Barghjelveh , Pinliang Dong
Ecological Processes ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-22 , DOI: 10.1186/s13717-021-00291-8 Ehsan Rahimi , Shahindokht Barghjelveh , Pinliang Dong
One of the most important issues related to landscape ecology and ecosystem services is finding the pattern of habitat patches that offers the highest pollination in agricultural landscapes. In this regard, two processes of habitat loss and fragmentation strongly affect the relationship between pollination and the pattern of habitat patches. In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on pollination separately. For this purpose, first, we generated different simulated agricultural landscapes, including two habitats of forest and agriculture. Then, according to the Lonsdorf model, we estimated the potential of the simulated landscapes in providing pollination in different scenarios. Finally, using statistical models, we estimated the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on pollination at the landscape and farm levels. Our results showed that the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on pollination were completely different at the landscape and farm levels. At the landscape level, fragmentation negatively affected pollination, but at the farm level, the maximum pollination rate was observed in the landscapes with a high degree of fragmentation. Regarding the habitat loss effects, our results showed that pollination decreased linearly at the landscape level as habitat amount decreased, but at the farm level, it decreased exponentially. The present study considered the level of analysis (i.e., landscape and farm levels) as a critical factor affecting pollination changes caused by fragmentation. We showed that using the Lonsdorf model could lead to confusing results for the landscape ecologists and alert farmers who want to reduce the adverse effects of fragmentation on their products by creating new forest patches. Therefore, agriculturalists and landscape ecologists should consider that the pollination rate at the landscape and farm levels is completely different according to the model and provide contradictory results about the process of habitat loss effects on pollination.
中文翻译:
使用Lonsdorf模型估算生境的丧失和破碎对授粉服务的影响
与景观生态学和生态系统服务有关的最重要问题之一是找到在农业景观中授粉量最高的栖息地斑块的模式。在这方面,栖息地丧失和破碎的两个过程强烈影响授粉与栖息地斑块模式之间的关系。在本研究中,我们旨在分别研究栖息地丧失和破碎化对授粉的影响。为此,首先,我们生成了不同的模拟农业景观,包括两个森林和农业生境。然后,根据Lonsdorf模型,我们估计了模拟景观在不同情况下提供授粉的潜力。最后,使用统计模型 我们估计了栖息地的丧失和破碎化对景观和农场一级授粉的影响。我们的结果表明,在景观和农场水平上,生境丧失和破碎化对授粉的影响完全不同。在景观级别,碎片化对授粉产生负面影响,但在农场一级,在高度碎片化的景观中观察到最大授粉率。关于生境丧失的影响,我们的结果表明,随着生境数量的减少,授粉在景观水平上呈线性下降,而在农场一级,则呈指数下降。本研究认为分析水平(即景观和农场水平)是影响由破碎引起的授粉变化的关键因素。我们表明,使用朗斯多夫模型可能会使景观生态学家感到困惑,并警告希望通过创建新的森林斑块减少碎片化对其产品的不利影响的农民。因此,农业学家和景观生态学家应根据模型考虑景观和农场一级的授粉率完全不同,并提供有关生境丧失对授粉的影响过程的矛盾结果。
更新日期:2021-03-22
中文翻译:
使用Lonsdorf模型估算生境的丧失和破碎对授粉服务的影响
与景观生态学和生态系统服务有关的最重要问题之一是找到在农业景观中授粉量最高的栖息地斑块的模式。在这方面,栖息地丧失和破碎的两个过程强烈影响授粉与栖息地斑块模式之间的关系。在本研究中,我们旨在分别研究栖息地丧失和破碎化对授粉的影响。为此,首先,我们生成了不同的模拟农业景观,包括两个森林和农业生境。然后,根据Lonsdorf模型,我们估计了模拟景观在不同情况下提供授粉的潜力。最后,使用统计模型 我们估计了栖息地的丧失和破碎化对景观和农场一级授粉的影响。我们的结果表明,在景观和农场水平上,生境丧失和破碎化对授粉的影响完全不同。在景观级别,碎片化对授粉产生负面影响,但在农场一级,在高度碎片化的景观中观察到最大授粉率。关于生境丧失的影响,我们的结果表明,随着生境数量的减少,授粉在景观水平上呈线性下降,而在农场一级,则呈指数下降。本研究认为分析水平(即景观和农场水平)是影响由破碎引起的授粉变化的关键因素。我们表明,使用朗斯多夫模型可能会使景观生态学家感到困惑,并警告希望通过创建新的森林斑块减少碎片化对其产品的不利影响的农民。因此,农业学家和景观生态学家应根据模型考虑景观和农场一级的授粉率完全不同,并提供有关生境丧失对授粉的影响过程的矛盾结果。