In this study, the relationship of orienting of attention, motor control and the Stimulus- (SDN) and Goal-Driven Networks (GDN) was explored through an innovative method for fMRI analysis considering all voxels in four experimental conditions: standard target (Goal; G), novel (N), neutral (Z) and noisy target (NG). First, average reaction times (RTs) for each condition were calculated. In the second-level analysis, ‘distracted’ participants, as indicated by slower RTs, evoked brain activations and differences in both hemispheres’ neural networks for selective attention, while the participants, as a whole, demonstrated mainly left cortical and subcortical activations. A context analysis was run in the behaviourally distracted participant group contrasting the trials immediately prior to the G trials, namely one of the Z, N or NG conditions, i.e. Z.G, N.G, NG.G. Results showed different prefrontal activations dependent on prior context in the auditory modality, recruiting between 1 to 10 prefrontal areas. The higher the motor response and influence of the previous novel stimulus, the more prefrontal areas were engaged, which extends the findings of hierarchical studies of prefrontal control of attention and better explains how auditory processing interferes with movement. Also, the current study addressed how subcortical loops and models of previous motor response affected the signal processing of the novel stimulus, when this was presented laterally or simultaneously with the target. This multitasking model could enhance our understanding on how an auditory stimulus is affecting motor responses in a way that is self-induced, by taking into account prior context, as demonstrated in the standard condition and as supported by Pulvinar activations complementing visual findings. Moreover, current BCI works address some multimodal stimulus-driven systems.

中文翻译：

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先验背景会影响听觉怪异任务和前额叶皮层多任务建模中的运动脑区域

在这项研究中，通过一种创新的fMRI分析方法，研究了注意力，运动控制与刺激-（SDN）和目标驱动网络（GDN）之间的关系，该方法考虑了四种实验条件下的所有体素： G），新颖（N），中性（Z）和嘈杂目标（NG）。首先，计算每种条件的平均反应时间（RTs）。在第二级分析中，如RTs减慢所示，“分散注意力”的参与者引起大脑激活和两个半球神经网络的差异以引起选择性注意，而总体上，参与者则主要表现为左皮层和皮层下的激活。在行为分散的参与者组中进行了情境分析，对比了G试验之前即Z，N或NG条件之一（即Z）之前的试验。G，NG，NG.G。结果表明，不同的前额叶激活取决于听觉方式的先验背景，募集了1至10个前额叶区域。先前的新颖刺激对运动的反应和影响越高，参与的额叶前部区域就越多，这扩展了注意力的额叶前部控制的分层研究的结果，并更好地解释了听觉处理如何干扰运动。此外，当前的研究还讨论了当与目标同时或横向出现时，皮层下回路和先前运动反应的模型如何影响新型刺激的信号处理。通过考虑到先前的背景，这种多任务模型可以加深我们对听觉刺激如何以自我诱导的方式影响运动反应的理解，如在标准条件下所展示的，以及由Pulvinar激活支持的视觉结果相辅相成。此外，当前的BCI工作解决了一些多模式刺激驱动的系统。