Skin pigment tone varies widely among human populations and can have profound impacts on skin sensitivity to ultraviolet light and on imbalances in medical treatments and societal injustices. This overt trait is influenced by the activity of many genes, but deciphering how each component impacts skin color is often difficult to unravel. An example of this challenge is highlighted in results of recent genome‐wide association studies among African and Latin American populations, in which allelic differences at a poorly studied gene, MFSD12 (Major Facilitator Superfamily domain containing 12), correlated with light or dark skin pigmentation (Adhikari et al., 2019; Crawford et al., 2017).

中文翻译：

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膜转运蛋白如何使黑色素细胞保持红色

不同人群的肤色差异很大，会对皮肤对紫外线的敏感性以及医疗不平衡和社会不公产生深远影响。这种明显的特征受到许多基因活动的影响，但要弄清楚每个成分如何影响肤色通常很难解开。最近在非洲和拉丁美洲人群中进行的全基因组关联研究结果强调了这一挑战的一个例子，其中研究不足的基因MFSD12（包含 12 的主要促进子超家族结构域）的等位基因差异与浅色或深色皮肤色素沉着相关（Adhikari 等人，2019 年；Crawford 等人，2017 年）。