Photoacoustic imaging (PAI), featuring rich contrast, high spatial/temporal resolution and deep penetration, is one of the fastest-growing biomedical imaging technology over the last decade. To date, numbers of handheld and semi-handheld photoacoustic imaging devices have been reported with corresponding potential clinical applications. Here, we summarize emerged handheld and semi-handheld systems in terms of photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT), optoacoustic mesoscopy (OAMes), and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM). We will discuss each modality in three aspects: laser delivery, scanning protocol, and acoustic detection. Besides new technical developments, we also review the associated clinical studies, and the advantages/disadvantages of these new techniques. In the end, we propose the challenges and perspectives of miniaturized PAI in the future.

光声成像（PAI）具有丰富的对比度，高的时空分辨率和深穿透力，是近十年来发展最快的生物医学成像技术之一。迄今为止，已经报道了手持式和半手持式光声成像设备的数量以及相应的潜在临床应用。在这里，我们从光声计算机断层扫描（PACT），光声介观（OAMes）和光声显微镜（PAM）方面总结了新兴的手持式和半手持式系统。我们将从三个方面讨论每种模式：激光传输，扫描协议和声学检测。除了新技术的发展，我们还回顾了相关的临床研究以及这些新技术的优缺点。到底，