In this paper, we describe the history of the LHCb experiment over the last three decades, and its remarkable successes and achievements. LHCb was conceived primarily as a \({b} \)-physics experiment, dedicated to \(CP\) violation studies and measurements of very rare \({{b}} \) decays; however, the tremendous potential for \({c} \)-physics was also clear. At first data taking, the versatility of the experiment as a general-purpose detector in the forward region also became evident, with measurements achievable such as electroweak physics, jets and new particle searches in open states. These were facilitated by the excellent capability of the detector to identify muons and to reconstruct decay vertices close to the primary \({{p}} {{p}} \) interaction region. By the end of the LHC Run 2 in 2018, before the accelerator paused for its second long shut down, LHCb had measured the CKM quark mixing matrix elements and \(CP\) violation parameters to world-leading precision in the heavy-quark systems. The experiment had also measured many rare decays of \({b} \) and \({c} \) quark mesons and baryons to below their Standard Model expectations, some down to branching ratios of order 10\(^{-9}\). In addition, world knowledge of \({{b}} \) and \({{c}} \) spectroscopy had improved significantly through discoveries of many new resonances already anticipated in the quark model, and also adding new exotic four and five quark states. The paper describes the evolution of the LHCb detector, from conception to its operation at the present time. The authors’ subjective summary of the experiment’s important contributions is then presented, demonstrating the wide domain of successful physics measurements that have been achieved over the years.

在本文中，我们描述了LHCb实验在过去三十年的历史，以及其非凡的成功和成就。LHCb最初被认为是一个\（{b} \）物理实验，专门用于\（CP \）违例研究和非常罕见的\（{{b}} \）衰变的测量；然而，\（{c} \）物理的巨大潜力也很明显。首次获取数据时，作为通用探测器在前向区域中进行实验的多功能性也变得很明显，可以实现测量，例如电弱物理，射流和在开放状态下进行新粒子搜索。检测器具有出色的识别μ子和重建接近初级的衰减顶点的出色能力，这为这些工作提供了便利。\（{{p}} {{p}} \） 互动区域。到2018年LHC Run 2结束时，在加速器暂停第二次长时间关闭之前，LHCb已测量了CKM夸克混合矩阵元素和\（CP \）违反参数，以达到重型夸克系统中世界领先的精度。实验还测量了\（{b} \）和\（{c} \）夸克介子和重子的许多稀有衰变，使其低于标准模型的期望值，其中一些分支比率下降到10 \（^ {-9} \）。此外，关于\（{{b}} \）和\（{{c}} \）的世界知识通过发现夸克模型中已经预料到的许多新共振，并增加了新的奇异四和五夸克态，光谱学得到了显着改善。本文描述了LHCb检测器从概念到目前的发展。然后介绍了作者对实验的重要贡献的主观摘要，展示了多年来成功实现的物理测量的广泛领域。