The recent digital revolution led robots to become integrated more than ever into different domains such as agricultural, medical, industrial, military, police (law enforcement), and logistics. Robots are devoted to serve, facilitate, and enhance the human life. However, many incidents have been occurring, leading to serious injuries and devastating impacts such as the unnecessary loss of human lives. Unintended accidents will always take place, but the ones caused by malicious attacks represent a very challenging issue. This includes maliciously hijacking and controlling robots and causing serious economic and financial losses. This paper reviews the main security vulnerabilities, threats, risks, and their impacts, and the main security attacks within the robotics domain. In this context, different approaches and recommendations are presented in order to enhance and improve the security level of robotic systems such as multi-factor device/user authentication schemes, in addition to multi-factor cryptographic algorithms. We also review the recently presented security solutions for robotic systems.

最近的数字革命导致机器人比以往任何时候都更加集成到农业、医疗、工业、军事、警察（执法）和物流等不同领域。机器人致力于服务、促进和改善人类生活。然而，许多事件已经发生，导致严重伤害和毁灭性影响，例如不必要的人命损失。意外事故总会发生，但由恶意攻击引起的事故是一个非常具有挑战性的问题。这包括恶意劫持和控制机器人，造成严重的经济和经济损失。本文回顾了机器人领域内的主要安全漏洞、威胁、风险及其影响，以及主要的安全攻击。在这种情况下，除了多因素密码算法外，还提出了不同的方法和建议，以增强和提高机器人系统的安全级别，例如多因素设备/用户身份验证方案。我们还回顾了最近提出的机器人系统安全解决方案。