Nepal and Bhutan, two Shangri-las of South Asia, share similar geo-political features but substantially differ in terms of demographic size and ethno-political history. The Constitution of Nepal 2015 which was promulgated by the second Constituent Assembly formed in 2013 came up with its inclusive character as it secured reasonable space for the ethnic minorities and owned their political, economic and cultural concerns. On the contrary, Bhutan adopted a different course in terms of accommodating ethnic and minority aspirations, although the country has also chosen parliamentary democracy in a narrow sense since 2008. From constitutional point of view, Nepal’s move from a liberal to an inclusive constitution made strenuous effort to bring all sections of Nepali society on board but Bhutan’s shift from a royal decree to an exclusionary constitution consciously left a large section of minority behind by suppressing their legitimate claims for basic democratic rights. This article explores the inclusive and exclusionary characters of the current constitutions of these countries from ethnic perspective.

尼泊尔和不丹是南亚的两个香格里拉，具有相似的地缘政治特征，但在人口规模和民族政治历史方面存在很大差异。由2013年第二届制宪大会颁布的《 2015年尼泊尔宪法》具有包容性，因为它为少数民族提供了合理的空间，并拥有其政治，经济和文化关切。相反，不丹在适应种族和少数民族愿望方面采取了不同的做法，尽管该国自2008年以来也从狭义上选择了议会民主制。从宪法的角度来看，尼泊尔从自由主义宪法转变为包容性宪法，为使尼泊尔社会的所有阶层参与进来做出了艰苦的努力，但不丹从皇室法令转向排他性宪法的转变有意识地通过压制他们对基本民主权利的合法主张而将很大一部分少数民族抛在了后面。本文从种族角度探讨了这些国家现行宪法的包容性和排斥性。