Conventional detector-dose driven exposure controls (DEC) do not consider the contrasting material of interest in angiography. Considering the latter when choosing the acquisition parameters should allow for optimization of x-ray quality and consecutively lead to a substantial reduction of radiation exposure. Therefore, the impact of a material-specific, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) driven exposure control (CEC) compared to DEC on radiation exposure was investigated. A 3D-printed phantom containing iron, tantalum, and platinum foils and cavities, filled with iodine, barium, and gas (carbon dioxide), was developed to measure the CNR. This phantom was placed within a stack of polymethylmethacrylate and aluminum plates simulating a patient equivalent thickness (PET) of 2.5–40 cm. Fluoroscopy and digital radiography (DR) were conducted applying either CEC or three, regular DEC protocols with parameter settings used in abdominal interventions. CEC protocols where chosen to achieve material-specific CNR values similar to those of DEC. Incident air kerma at the reference point(K_a,r), using either CEC or DEC, was assessed and possible K_a,r reduction for similar CNR was estimated. We show that CEC provided similar CNR as DEC at the same or lower K_a,r. When imaging barium, iron, and iodine K_a,r was substantially reduced below a PET of 20 cm and between 25 cm and 30 cm for fluoroscopy and Dr When imaging platinum and tantalum using fluoroscopy and DR and gas using DR, the K_a,r reduction was substantially higher. We estimate the K_a,r reduction for these materials between 15% and 84% for fluoroscopy and DR between 15% and 93% depending on the PET. The results of this study demonstrate a high potential for skin dose reduction in abdominal radiology when using a material-specific CEC compared to DEC. This effect is substantial in imaging materials with higher energy K-edges, which is beneficial, for example, in long-lasting embolization procedures with tantalum-based embolization material in young patients with arterio-venous malformations.

传统的检测器剂量驱动暴露控制 (DEC) 不考虑血管造影中感兴趣的对比材料。在选择采集参数时考虑后者应该允许优化 X 射线质量并连续导致辐射暴露的显着减少。因此，研究了与 DEC 相比，材料特定的对比度噪声比 (CNR) 驱动的曝光控制 (CEC) 对辐射暴露的影响。开发了一种 3D 打印的模型，其中包含铁、钽和铂箔和空腔，并充满碘、钡和气体（二氧化碳），以测量 CNR。该模型被放置在一堆聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和铝板上，模拟 2.5-40 厘米的患者等效厚度 (PET)。使用 CEC 或三个常规 DEC 协议进行荧光透视和数字 X 线摄影 (DR)，并在腹部干预中使用参数设置。选择 CEC 协议以实现与 DEC 类似的材料特定 CNR 值。参考点入射空气比释动能（K_a,r ) 使用 CEC 或 DEC 进行了评估，并估计了类似 CNR 可能的 K _a,r减少。我们表明，在相同或更低的 K _a,r下，CEC 提供了与 DEC 相似的 CNR 。当钡、铁和碘成像时，K _a,r显着降低到低于 20 cm 的 PET 和 25 cm 到 30 cm 之间，用于透视和 Dr 当使用透视和 ​​DR 对铂和钽进行成像时，使用 DR 对气体成像时，K _{a, r}减少幅度要大得多。我们估计 K _a,r根据 PET 的不同，这些材料的荧光透视减少 15% 到 84%，DR 减少 15% 到 93%。这项研究的结果表明，与 DEC 相比，使用特定材料的 CEC 在腹部放射学中降低皮肤剂量的潜力很大。这种效果在具有更高能量 K 边缘的成像材料中是显着的，这在例如年轻动静脉畸形患者中使用钽基栓塞材料的长效栓塞手术中是有益的。