The COVID-19 pandemic forced surprised governments worldwide to act fast and decisively, often revealing lack of preparation for this kind of situation. However, such crises are expected to occur far more frequently than ever before. To keep societies prospering, governments, administrations, and civil servants will have to adapt quickly and effectively—and hence need to develop the required capabilities (e.g., appropriate policies, strategies, knowledge, skills). To deepen our understanding of appropriate action in face of crises, resulting consequences for stability and required, demanded or enforced behavior of people, we propose the concept of resilience. Resilience, we argue by way of five propositions, helps articulating the underlying dynamics in society and its administrative systems in order to allow for a sustainable incorporation of the long-term perspective in the short-term strategy, particularly in times of disturbances and temporary perturbations.

COVID-19大流行迫使世界各地的政府措手不及，果断地采取行动，常常显示出对这种情况的准备不足。但是，预计此类危机的发生将比以往任何时候都更加频繁。为了保持社会繁荣，政府，行政机关和公务员将必须迅速有效地适应，因此需要发展所需的能力（例如，适当的政策，策略，知识，技能）。为了加深我们对面对危机时采取适当行动的理解，从而对稳定以及人民的必需，要求或强迫行为产生后果，我们提出了韧性的概念。抵御力，我们通过五个主张来争论，