We review the equation of state of QCD matter at finite densities. We discuss the construction of the equation of state with net baryon number, electric charge, and strangeness using the results of lattice QCD simulations and hadron resonance gas models. Its application to the hydrodynamic analyses of relativistic nuclear collisions suggests that the interplay of multiple conserved charges is important in the quantitative understanding of the dense nuclear matter created at lower beam energies. Several different models of the QCD equation of state are discussed for comparison.

中文翻译：

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相对论核碰撞有限化学势下的 QCD 状态方程

我们回顾了有限密度下 QCD 物质的状态方程。我们使用晶格 QCD 模拟和强子共振气体模型的结果讨论了具有净重子数、电荷和奇异性的状态方程的构建。它在相对论核碰撞的流体动力学分析中的应用表明，多个守恒电荷的相互作用对于定量理解在较低束能下产生的致密核物质很重要。为了比较，讨论了 QCD 状态方程的几种不同模型。