Pubenza is a remarkable palaeontological site of Colombia, and a place that could hold some of the potentially oldest evidence of humans in northern South America. Previous palaeontological research at this site has mainly focused on the megafauna. Here we describe and establish the systematic palaeontology for the small fauna that inhabited this ancient lacustrine ecosystem, including the first report of birds, tortoises and vipers for the Late Pleistocene in Colombia. Furthermore, exceptionally well preserved fossilised wasp nests are morphologically and elementally characterised, which is the first report of an ichnofossil of this kind in northern South America. In addition, new material of kinosternid turtles, armadillos and rodents is also described. Our results reveal that the Bogotá River Basin, where Pubenza is located, was a rich ecosystem during the Late Pleistocene and a region of great interest for future articulated palaeontological and archaeological studies.

中文翻译：

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来自哥伦比亚Pubenza的晚更新世生物群；乌龟，哺乳动物，鸟类，无脊椎动物和植物遗体

普伦扎（Punenza）是哥伦比亚著名的古生物学遗址，并且这里可以盛藏南美洲北部人类的一些最古老的证据。该站点以前的古生物学研究主要集中在大型动物群上。在这里，我们描述并建立了居住在这个古老湖泊生态系统中的小型动物的系统古生物学，包括哥伦比亚晚更新世鸟类，陆龟和and蛇的首次报道。此外，形态和元素特征都保存得特别完好的化石化的黄蜂巢，这是南美北部这种鱼类化石的首次报道。此外，还描述了鸡胸甲龟，犰狳和啮齿动物的新材料。我们的结果表明，波旁扎（Punenza）所在的波哥大（Bogotá）流域，