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‘State-Security First’ and the Militarization of Development: Local Perceptions on Post-Conflict Reconstruction Policies in Pakistan’s Tribal Areas (2015–2019)
Forum for Development Studies Pub Date : 2021-03-19 , DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2021.1893808
Asif Iqbal Dawar 1 , Marcos Farias Ferreira 2
Affiliation  

Abstract

In the post-military operation scenario, the government of Pakistan (GoP) has launched reconstruction interventions under the notion of ‘build back better and smarter’. This article critically evaluates the reconstruction efforts (2015–2019) using local perceptions to attest as to what extent reconstruction interventions have been participatory and how they have been received by local communities in terms of their contextual needs. Primary data was collected during 2017–2019 in North Waziristan (NW) through semi-structured interviews, informal discussions and participant observation with local and key respondents. The study found that although interventions were designed predominantly to improve development outcomes and build connections between local community and the state, the ‘state-security first’ paradigm reigns over the ‘positive security’ of the affected population. Interventions were centrally planned without proper participation or even taking into account local needs and grievances. The article argues that instead post-conflict reconstruction policies and practices should focus on well-assessed micro-needs, confidence-building approaches and the participation of local communities in order to achieve the desired goals of positive security and sustainable development.



中文翻译:

“国家安全第一”与发展军事化:当地对巴基斯坦部落地区冲突后重建政策的看法(2015-2019)

摘要

在后军事行动情景中,巴基斯坦政府 (GoP) 在“重建得更好、更智能”的理念下启动了重建干预措施。本文批判性地评估了重建工作(2015-2019 年),使用当地的看法来证明重建干预的参与程度以及当地社区如何根据他们的背景需求接受这些干预。主要数据是在 2017-2019 年期间在北瓦济里斯坦 (NW) 通过与当地和主要受访者进行的半结构化访谈、非正式讨论和参与式观察收集的。研究发现,尽管干预措施的主要目的是改善发展成果并在当地社区与国家之间建立联系,“国家安全第一”范式支配着受影响人口的“积极安全”。干预是中央计划的,没有适当的参与,甚至没有考虑到当地的需求和不满。文章认为,冲突后重建政策和做法应侧重于经过充分评估的微观需求、建立信任的方法和当地社区的参与,以实现积极安全和可持续发展的预期目标。

更新日期:2021-03-19
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