Risk assessment for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is complicated by the fact that PFAS include several thousand compounds. Although new analytical methods have increased the number that can be identified in environmental samples, a significant fraction of them remain uncharacterized. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is the PFAS compound of primary interest when evaluating risks to humans and wildlife owing to the consumption of aquatic organisms. The exposure assessment for PFOS is complicated by the presence of PFOS precursors and their transformation, which can occur both in the environment and within organisms. Thus, the PFOS to which wildlife or people are exposed may consist of PFOS that was discharged directly into the environment and/or other PFOS precursors that were transformed into PFOS. This means that exposure assessment and the development of remedial strategies may depend on the relative concentrations and properties not only of PFOS but also of other PFAS that are transformed into PFOS. A bioaccumulation model was developed to explore these issues. The model embeds toxicokinetic and bioenergetic components within a larger food web calculation that accounts for uptake from both food and water, as well as predator–prey interactions. Multiple chemicals are modeled, including parent–daughter reactions. A series of illustrative simulations explores how chemical properties can influence exposure assessment and remedial decision making. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:705–715. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

中文翻译：

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前体对全氟和多氟烷基物质水生暴露评估的影响：来自生物积累模型的见解

由于 PFAS 包含数千种化合物，因此对全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 的风险评估变得复杂。尽管新的分析方法增加了可在环境样品中识别的数量，但其中很大一部分仍未得到表征。在评估因食用水生生物而对人类和野生动物造成的风险时，全氟辛烷磺酸 (PFOS) 是主要关注的 PFAS 化合物。由于 PFOS 前体的存在及其转化，PFOS 的暴露评估变得复杂，这可能发生在环境和生物体内。因此，野生动物或人类接触的 PFOS 可能包括直接排放到环境中的 PFOS 和/或转化为 PFOS 的其他 PFOS 前体。这意味着暴露评估和补救策略的制定可能不仅取决于全氟辛烷磺酸的相对浓度和特性，还取决于转化为全氟辛烷磺酸的其他全氟和多氟烷基物质。开发了一个生物累积模型来探索这些问题。该模型将毒代动力学和生物能量成分嵌入到更大的食物网计算中，该计算考虑了食物和水的摄取，以及捕食者-猎物的相互作用。对多种化学物质进行建模，包括母子反应。一系列说明性模拟探讨了化学特性如何影响暴露评估和补救决策。开发了一个生物累积模型来探索这些问题。该模型将毒代动力学和生物能量成分嵌入到更大的食物网计算中，该计算考虑了食物和水的摄取，以及捕食者-猎物的相互作用。对多种化学物质进行建模，包括母子反应。一系列说明性模拟探讨了化学特性如何影响暴露评估和补救决策。开发了一个生物累积模型来探索这些问题。该模型将毒代动力学和生物能量成分嵌入到更大的食物网计算中，该计算考虑了食物和水的摄取，以及捕食者-猎物的相互作用。对多种化学物质进行建模，包括母子反应。一系列说明性模拟探讨了化学特性如何影响暴露评估和补救决策。Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021；17:705-715。© 2021 作者。综合环境评估和管理由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表环境毒理学与化学学会 (SETAC) 发布。