A brain-computer interface (BCI) based on electroencephalography (EEG) is a promising technology for enhancing virtual reality (VR) applications-in particular, for gaming. We focus on the so-called P300-BCI, a stable and accurate BCI paradigm relying on the recognition of a positive event-related potential (ERP) occurring in the EEG about 300 ms post-stimulation. We implemented a basic version of such a BCI displayed on an ordinary and affordable smartphone-based head-mounted VR device: that is, a mobile and passive VR system (with no electronic components beyond the smartphone). The mobile phone performed the stimuli presentation, EEG synchronization (tagging) and feedback display. We compared the ERPs and the accuracy of the BCI on the VR device with a traditional BCI running on a personal computer (PC). We also evaluated the impact of subjective factors on the accuracy. The study was within-subjects, with 21 participants and one session in each modality. No significant difference in BCI accuracy was found between the PC and VR systems, although the P200 ERP was significantly wider and larger in the VR system as compared to the PC system.

中文翻译：

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在普通智能手机上运行的移动 VR 显示器与标准 PC 显示器对 P300-BCI 刺激呈现的比较

基于脑电图 (EEG) 的脑机接口 (BCI) 是一种很有前途的技术，可用于增强虚拟现实 (VR) 应用程序，尤其是游戏。我们专注于所谓的 P300-BCI，这是一种稳定且准确的 BCI 范式，它依赖于对刺激后约 300 毫秒 EEG 中发生的正事件相关电位 (ERP) 的识别。我们在普通且价格合理的基于智能手机的头戴式 VR 设备上实现了这种 BCI 的基本版本：即移动和被动 VR 系统（除了智能手机之外没有任何电子组件）。手机执行刺激呈现、脑电同步（标记）和反馈显示。我们将 VR 设备上的 ERP 和 BCI 的准确性与在个人计算机 (PC) 上运行的传统 BCI 进行了比较。我们还评估了主观因素对准确性的影响。该研究是在受试者内进行的，有 21 名参与者，每种模式有一个会话。尽管与 PC 系统相比，VR 系统中的 P200 ERP 明显更宽和更大，但 PC 和 VR 系统之间没有发现 BCI 准确性的显着差异。